Observational Stages of Piaget/Erikson

CDC Observational Experience, 1-2year old room 1) Age: 22 months, male * Physical Growth and Development Milestones 1. Physical Characteristics-More even appearance when contrasted with the wide-based, top overwhelming appearance of more youthful little children (additionally present in the gathering). 2. Net engine capacity Walked and ran easily when contrasted with the more youthful youngsters. Increasingly typical, less â€Å"waddling† step. Fell 1 time. 3. Fine engine capacity Manual smoothness improvement demonstrated when turning pages of a book that I was holding during â€Å"circle time†. Watched making a hover on the water table with a littler wand-molded toy. . Tangible Ability-Able to verbally distinguish hues, shapes, creatures (and creature sounds). * Developmental Level of the Child-The watched kid was in the â€Å"Autonomy versus Disgrace/Doubt† phase of Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. His language was progressively improved wh en contrasted with the constrained expressions of the more youthful youngsters. He had the option to talk in exceptionally basic sentences. I initially watched independence when taking a gander at what he was wearing, a Batman outfit with a cape! The parental figures disclosed to me that he jumps at the chance to wear those things and furthermore has a Superman cape that he decides to wear.When provided a basic order, for example, â€Å"Come and take a seat at the table†, he answered â€Å"NO! † and continued playing. The guardians permitted him a couple of times of resistance, at that point got him and put him in the seat for lunch. The youngster was fastidious for a couple of moments in the seat, yet cheered up when given his lunch. He was given a modest quantity of a few unique nourishments and picked just a couple to eat. The youngster took care of himself. He was not latrine prepared at this point. He was by all accounts directly in the center of this stage, which is from 1 ? to 3 years. Regarding Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, the kid was in the† Mental Combinations† sensorimotor stage.This was clear in perusing our image book, which had outlines of various creatures and vehicles. He spread over from naming hues in the book, to distinguishing a truck/transport/and so on , to communicating a â€Å"roar† for an image of a lion. * Psychosocial Development-1. The kid played with various toys on the water table, including basins, cups, and brushes. He snickered at himself turning a toy around quick and watching the water shower around. He sought endorsement for this. As he was doing it, he took a gander at the parental figures and rehashed it as we laughed.He appeared to like playing with two different young men around his age (23 and 21 months). 2. As expressed previously, the child’s correspondence was substantially more differing than the 1 year olds. He talked in little sentences and had the option to distinguish shapes, hues, and natural items. With the above explanations, I feel that this kid falls inside the development and formative standards for his age gathering. 2) The CDC staff empowered development in the above regions by permitting the kid to settle on his own decisions without condemning, yet kept up the ordinary day by day schedule (model: plunk down for noon). Related exposition: Shame is Worth a TryThey gave the kid acclaim for adhering to rules. Fitting toys and play thoughts were accommodated the kid. 3) The water table movement upgraded fine engine abilities and creative mind. A book and tune â€Å"circle time† improved pre-perusing and schedule. The youngsters partook in many sing-a-long tunes with fine engine aptitude orders, for example, â€Å"put your finger on your nose†. 4) I was absent for the partition procedure between the parent and youngster (was doing introduction with fourth floor CDC kids). Be that as it may, this youngster had an amazingly difficult time nodding off for rest time. He cried ceaselessly and was very restless.The CDC representatives applauded musically until he at long last nodded off. 5) Five security rules were as per the following; set aside toys (â€Å"clean up time†), sit when eating, â€Å"Nice touches† (No hitting or squeezing), shoes are consistently on, and everybody tak es a turn with a toy. 6) I watched a circumstance where the kid squeezed another kid around his age. The other kid squeezed him back. The parental figures emphatically reproved the kid by saying â€Å"nice touches† and diverting the two youngsters with another action. The method accomplished work, yet both of the youngsters did it again about an hour later.

An Analysis of “A Time For Choosing”

A great many watchers tuned into the National Broadcasting Company TV station for a unique communicate on the 27th of October. Watchers were foreseeing Ronald Reagan’s â€Å"A Time for Choosing† discourse. Reagan was recognized for his acting in films and TV scenes since 1937, and was presently being found in a new job. Reagan rose on the side of the Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. Barry Morris Goldwater was a representative and five-term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Party's chosen one for president in the 1964 election.â€Å"A Time for Choosing† uses a plenty of talk: style, conveyance, feeling, logos, ethos, and overstatements. His discourse was compelling, in light of the fact that he utilized some of these expository strategies all through his discourse. In the start of his discourse, he utilizes a special style to impart his discourse. He quickly begins with a reasonable and exact tone, anyway his grouping of words demonstrates an awareness of concern. Reagan’s tone in this discourse is not kidding and persuasive. He needs the crowd to comprehend his perspectives and how he feels about his ideas.He accepts that his thoughts are what will prop the nation up and that these convictions must be communicated to the crowds with expectations of being comprehended. For the crowd he gives them instances of how government impedance harms Americans and furthermore references to past occasions, for example, the upset and how the establishing fathers didn't need a major government. He shares that he has â€Å"an awkward inclination that this thriving isn’t something on which we base our expectations what's to come. † Reagan’s capacity to associate with his crowd was uncommon and not at all like a considerable lot of his colleagues.Whether the points he talked on were consistently applicable to that of the audience, it didn't generally make a difference. Reagan had increased solid talking ap titudes while beforehand working in the acting business along these lines empowering him to all the more likely interface with his crowd. Reagan accepts that the nation is going off course and that America has a few difficulties at home and abroad. America’s government was in a monetary emergency during the time this discourse was given. He realized the residents expected to hear something solid and incredible that guaranteed change for a superior method of life.â€Å"A Time for Choosing† was deliberative and educated and motivated the crowd as well as furnished America with a cheerful wellspring of diversion. The style changes toward the finish of the discourse and sets up a hopeful expectation for what's to come. Reagan builds the case for Goldwater and states in his end sentence â€Å"We will remember and recall that Barry Goldwater has confidence in us. He has confidence that you and I have the capacity and the respect and the option to settle on our own choices a nd decide our own destiny.†Reagan’s style communicates an unmistakable worry for the future, yet an idealistic trust in change that he sees in Barry Goldwater. His persuasive style encourages him to draw in with the American residents. â€Å"A Time For Choosing† was a genuinely long discourse about thirty minutes. Reagan conveyed his discourse without any recesses, no scene change or force direct introductions toward break the dreariness of a long discourse; one may think about how somebody can hold the consideration of a crowd of people for such an all-inclusive measure of time. Reagan accomplished this by making passionate change inside the hearts and brains of his listeners.One minute he advises them that Kansas had been â€Å"declared a depressed† territory because of budgetary emergency, subsequently pulling on the audiences’ heartstrings. The following moment he has the crowd crying from chuckling while at the same time disparaging the adminis tration, saying, â€Å"When the administration lets you know you’re discouraged, rests and be discouraged. † Towards the finish of the discourse, Reagan utilizes redundancy to underscore an association among himself and his crowd. In the last three passages of the discourse, Reagan utilizes â€Å"You and I† four times.The utilization of â€Å"You and I† causes the crowd to feel included and causes them to accept they have indistinguishable qualities and feelings from Reagan does. â€Å"You and I have a meeting with destiny† is maybe the most well known line from the discourse. Individuals are enlivened by the discourse since Reagan gives the American individuals trust in their future and their children’s future. His utilization of redundancy passes on to us that we â€Å"have the capacity and the respect and the option to settle on our own choices and decide our own destiny†.Repetition is an incredible expository procedure that Reagan practices toâ emphasize solidarity among the American individuals. Reagan saved his crowd energetic for additional. He would uncover an issue or issue and afterward make an answer. Uncovering flaws inside the current government Reagan can break some portion of the â€Å"once believed† strong establishment of the U. S. government. He additionally uncovered how the undesirable quality and insatiability of the legislature is spilling into the brains of other individual Americans. He states circumstances where people are taking urgent estimates, for example, separate, so as to acquire a more significant compensation so they can accommodate their families.Reagan reveals to us that there are ways around one or the other these issues are not individual but rather aggregate. Reagan utilizes sentiment when he makes reference to the ongoing heightening in Vietnam. He stated, â€Å"As for the harmony that we would safeguard, I wonder who among us might want to move toward the spouse or mother whose husband or child has kicked the bucket in South Vietnam and inquire as to whether they think this is a harmony that ought to be looked after uncertainly. Do they mean harmony, or do they mean we simply need to be left in harmony? † Reagan utilizes this account of the grieving mother and spouse to relate the danger of socialism to the presence of freedom.He proceeds to state â€Å"there can be no genuine harmony while one American is passing on some spot on the planet for the remainder of us†. Reagan viably associates our requirement for an interventionist international strategy that will challenge socialism anyplace it exists on the planet so as to accomplish harmony through an enthusiastic story. The crowd will respond emphatically to the enthusiastic story since they can sympathetically associate with the battles of our nation’s military families. Reagan’s utilization of sentiment permits him to interface with his crowd. It causes them to comprehend that he has indistinguishable worries about international strategy from normal Americans.â€Å"There is no establishment like the stone of trustworthiness and reasonableness, and when you start to assemble your life on that rock, with the concrete of the confidence in God that you have a genuine beginning. † He delineates the picture of a man who needs to see his child succeed, something that most guardians share. Reagan utilizes logos to contend for financial conservatism. Reagan makes a good judgment contention about the financial truth of our nation’s monetary approach through a mix of realities, figures, and thinking. Reagan utilizes logos, so as to advise Americans regarding the shameful acts set out by the current government.By expressing straight realities and rationale, for example, â€Å"We’ve raised our obligation limit multiple times over the most recent a year, and now our national obligation is one and a half times greater than all the consolidated obligations of the considerable number of countries of the world. † He expresses that â€Å"our government keeps on burning through 17 million dollars every day more than the administration takes in. We haven't adjusted our spending 28 of the last 34 years†¦. furthermore, presently our national obligation is one and a half times greater than all the consolidated obligations of the considerable number of countries of the world†. Through good judgment and realities, individuals plainly recognize that our nation’s monetary approach is unsustainable.Reagan can viably impart to the American individuals that the country is in critical money related waterways. Reagan’s center around the issues causes him to appear to the individuals both sensible and astute. A viable instrument Regan uses to sell his capacity is his ethos request. Unmistakably a principle objective of his discourse is to depict acceptable character. With direct depiction, strict and moral references, or an undeniable tone tossed over an ethical proclamation, Regan utilizes this intrigue all through his discourse and he utilizes it well. A significant topic in this discourse engages a worry for the general course of the country as far as remote affairs.Regan gauges opportunity and wellbeing by contrasting the freedom of the United States with â€Å"the subterranean insect pile of totalitarianism†. He does this to paint his vote based rivals in a manner that recommends a penchant of shortcoming. This is as though to state that whenever chose, his adversaries would be bound to conciliate than protect against an infringing danger. While clarifying these conceivable outcomes, Regan utilizes an undeniable manner of speaking to scrutinize and join the entirety of the negative angles he discloses to his adversary. This additionally stands to state that he could never depend on such shortcoming, therefore advancing himself as one of better character.Another intriguing component than note is that he is attempting to fabricate an all around saw character for the benefit of someone else. Since he is representing Barry Goldwater, his discourse is proposed to be illustrative of two individuals related. He legitimately flaunts authenticity when he says â€Å"I’ve never known a man in my life I accepted so unequipped for doing an exploitative or offensive thing†. This announcement talks straightforwardly of Goldwater’s character yet in addition fills in as his very own impression. Reagan utilizes exaggeration to add some humor and chuckling to his speech.He begins an individual story where he clarifies that â€Å"two companions of mine were conversing with a Cuban displaced person, a businessperson who had gotten away from Castro, and amidst the story one of my companions went to the next and stated, ‘We don't have the foggiest idea how fortunate we are. ’ And the Cuban

Essay About South African Samples For Kids

Essay About South African Samples For KidsEssay about South African samples for kids can be made from the samples given by a child. This will be helpful for children as they can identify the samples which are suitable for them.You can prepare your essay by collecting all the samples for the same in the market and then checking them for accuracy. Once you have identified all the samples that are suitable for your student then you can start making your essay.First you need to make a list of all the samples that you find with the pictures of the same. You can start your essay by explaining why you would like to choose the particular sample. Write this in the introduction section.Then you can start telling the main point of your essay and show the examples. You need to write more than one example so that the reader can know if he or she is reading the right type of sample. If they find out that the sample is not suitable for him then he will start making doubt and would like to delete th e sample.After writing the example you need to create the paragraph, which is the most important sections of your essay. You can start with the introduction and then continue with the explanation of the main point.The description should be well written so that the reader will understand the same. You need to talk about the main point and provide the main information.You can include the information about the sample in the sentence and give the main point about it. You need to end your essay with an interesting summary and this should give the general message that the reader would want to read in the end.In conclusion you need to remember that you should focus on the subject matter. Also do not make a mistake that would mislead the reader. You need to make your essay well researched, so that it becomes interesting and compelling.

International Trade And Finance ( Bus571 ) - 2452 Words

Ntec Concordia Institute of Business Submitted to: Adrian liew Course: Diploma in Business Management (Level-7) Subject: International trade and finance (BUS571) Submitted By: Amanpreet singh bajaj Student ID:CIB00002YB Assignment: International trade Introduction Quality NZ is a niche supplier of New Zealand’s first quality products and services to the rapidly expanding Indian market, with a specific focus on the food and Beverage, Tourism and Education sectors . Quality NZ has ownership of a number of subsidiaries that represents us in both NZ and India (through our Indian based import Company) there products are all personally selected to ensure only the finest Quality is presented to our customers in india . With the deep passion India’s have for Cricket , Quality NZ is privileged to have Sir Richard Hadlee as our Patron ( and a shareholder ) and Company Ambassadors , Stephen Fleming Daniel Vettori and Brendor McCullana The networks and relationships formed through our cricketing representatives and our Indian based staff provide us with significant credibility to the Indian market.( www.qualitynz.com) www.qualitynz.com Business units and subsidiared :- †¢ Fonterra Brands Consumer goods business †¢ Fonterra Ingredients †¢ Fonterra Global Trade Dairy ingredients supplier to the globally traded market †¢ Fonterra foodservices Hospitality supplies †¢ Fonterra Group Manufacturing Fonterra’s

Competitive Landscape Clothing In The UK Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3395 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The main event in 2008 has been a precipitous collapse across most of the retail sector, the result of a general economic recession which some predict may even turn into a depression. This has resulted in fairly radical movements in all the main statistical areas, with growth rates plummeting across almost all subsectors, and with market leaders shoring up market share, which they had previously been losing, and with distribution moving more towards cheaper outlets as consumers aim to save money. The precise causes for the negative figures reported are a matter of fairly obvious economic fact: namely, that following a huge amount of lending across the US and the UK, particularly in the American property market, a large scale credit default began in 2007 which affected property prices and the ability of banks to subsidise lending on any credible level. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Competitive Landscape Clothing In The UK Example For Free" essay for you Create order This credit crunch has since infiltrated its way into the real economy which has contracted in the UK in 2008. The upshot has been a decline in disposable income at all levels of the consumer base. Where previously, clothing and footwear has, unlike many other retail sectors, appealed to customers of all income levels, and has been particularly popular with those towards the lower end, now these customers are staying at home out of necessity. The best performing subsector in Clothing is accessories. It is not uncommon for smaller, cheaper goods to thrive in times of recession as consumers still enjoy buying goods but are doing so within a much tighter budget. Accessories rely on impulse buying in many cases, being positioned in stores nearer the counter. The same logic operates as with chocolate in supermarkets. The overall effect on the market has been a consolidation for the main companies across the board, and has been catastrophic for small, independent retailers and sta rt-ups. In terms of products being bought and manufactured, the emphasis has shifted towards mainstream products with items such as shirts, blouses, and tops registering a weaker contraction than suits, trousers, and other high quality products which are less appealing owing to their higher price. Sportswear has stayed fairly resilient to the recession as consumers tend to wear sportswear as leisurewear rather than simply for sporting activities. Also, sportswear is comfortable, a factor that consumers may be attracted to during recessionary times. There is a small continuation of the trend of the last five years where casualwear has been growing relative to formalwear. This is caused more by wide-scale demographic changes and changes in attitudes at the workplace, as well as the increased buying power of the youth market. This is such an entrenched trend that it is unlikely to see any change in spite of macroeconomic volatility. Unit prices have been continuing to fall for so long now that it is almost inevitable that this crisis will see the unit price reach its natural low. This did not arrive in 2007 or 2008 however as for the most part retailers and suppliers were able to cut prices due to the continuing strength of the pound. As the economic forecasts began to get worse, it was the first response of many of the high street brands to slash prices even further in a bid to gain more custom. This strategy has not worked, however, and once the pound fell sharply in value at the end of 2008 it became far more likely that prices will start to rise soon. In line with increases in private label share, there is a notable increase in distribution measures for grocery retailers up from 10.5% in 2007 to 10.8% in 2008. This trend has been ongoing since grocery retailers are relatively new entrants to the market and are posing a greater threat to the high street. Concomitant losses in non-grocery stores are reflected in both mixed retailers and clothing and footwear specialists although the latter remain dominant with a 62.8% share of the market overall. In general, these movements reflect changes in consumer attitudes to shopping, preferences for lower prices, and centralised shopping. The same reasons lie behind the slight increase in distribution share for internet retail up from 5.3% in 2007 to 6.3% a year on for clothing and footwear. Competitive Landscape The leading brands in 2007 and 2008 remain Marks Spencer and Next. They are followed closely by Arcadia and Tesco. The largest growers in this sector were indeed Primark and Tesco. Primark registered massive market share growth in one year, an anomalously large figure aided in part by the collapse of Woolworths and Adams, both of whom were strong competitors of Primark. Primark now occupies around 3.9% market share for clothing, placing it fourth in ranking. It should be self-evident that Primarks success in 2008 is also attributable to a large rise in budget clothes shopping as consumers care more than ever about prices and less about quality, or fashion concerns. Primarks exceptional performance has been slowly stirring over the last four or five years and has capitalised on the huge expansion of the market at both ends. Primark carved a very distinctive niche for itself as a budget retailer using unbelievably low manufacturing costs as a means of squeezing margins. By app ealing so simply to this basic consumer demand, they have managed to open up a large lead over other high street brands. At the same time, Primark has benefited from, and contributed to, the move in consumer demand towards less quality, more disposable goods with shorter replacement cycles. Tescos strong performance, and to a lesser extent Asda which recorded positive growth in 2008, reflects a number of different factors many of which were already in motion before the recent economic changes. Customers have been centralising their shopping and are far more willing to use grocery stores to do basic clothes shopping. In turn, these stores have re-strategised to respond to demand, opening more out-of-town superstores modelled on the European and American hypermarket model. Here clothes represent a far larger proportion of overall floor space. Perhaps more surprising, given these gains lower down the market, is the continued strength of the principal market leaders. Marks Spence r have managed to keep hold of their overall market share thanks to a cautious sales policy aimed at appealing to the middle-bracket consumer who is no doubt concerned about the economy and therefore doesnt want to spend too much, but still values quality and style issues and may not wish to buy in Primark for that reason. This is a difficult strategy to pursue efficiently and it has somewhat forced on the company by the situation. The economic crisis has been most grave for independent retailers. There have been many reports of losses and closures on the high street particularly among boutique designers, freelancers and gentlemens tailors. All three had been facing stiff competition in any case in the previous years, but now that they have less access to ready money from the banks, and with weaker capital positions than the big players, it is inevitable that there has been a lot of grief in this sector. Of course, most notably in this sector has been the loss of a large numbe r of clothing specialists. Jumpers, Woolworths, and Adams are but the three biggest high street clothing specialists to have lost out as well as the impending collapse of Icelandic firm Baugur which owns a dominant stake in House of Fraser. At the time of writing the future of Baugur is still being decided although it looks as though House of Fraser will be subject to a takeover which may leave the brand name intact. Prospects Clothing is forecast to continue to fall in growth on average until 2011. The bulk of the dip is forecast to occur in the next two years with the following three seeing an upturn and an eventual return to positive growth and prosperity. The most important factor in the recovery of the clothing sector will be the recovery of the economy as a whole. There is very little individual companies can do at this time to give clothing and footwear any more of a boost. Companies must sit tight and wait for consumer confidence to return which is only likely to occur when consumers are no longer worried about potentially losing their jobs or having their wages cut. The general consensus is that the first sign of returning consumer confidence will be in the property market. Forecasts at the moment suggest that there will be no upturn in house prices until the middle of 2010 at the earliest. The recession itself, as in the national decline in trade, is also forecast to last until that point in spite of misleadingly optimistic estimates published by the government at the end of 2008. Since then, it has been seen that the global picture is worse than had previously been expected. The UK Government is doing what it can to try to free up more liquidity in the economy. The recent part-nationalisation of two of the biggest banks means that there is likely to be far more lending to companies which should allow companies to focus more on appealing directly to consumers to come into the store. It is unlikely however that clothing is going to see particular benefits from this. Those companies appealing for more cash from the bank are more likely to be those independent retailers who are struggling at the moment. As has been discussed, the recession has not actually impacted individual companies market share all that much with the big high street brands retaining strength throughout. Although some of these, such as House of Fraser, currently have very uncertain futures owi ng to the intricacies of their corporate structure, it is notable that brand share remains roughly stable which suggests consumers are resorting to trusted brands at this time. This is a trend that is likely to continue, the effect being that although the sector is losing ground, most of the top ranking companies are fighting the same battles on, more of less, equal territory. The only sector which continues to perform strongly throughout the forecast period is accessories. It has already been discussed in some detail regarding their success in 2008 which is forecast to continue into the forthcoming years. Infant clothing will remain fairly steady and has an intrinsic strength of a different nature. Parents are more likely to continue investing in their childrens clothing and comfort than they are to invest in their own. One other factor which is likely to have a significant impact on the sector in the future is the direction of unit prices. As of early 2009, the pound is curr ently at an all-time low against the euro and a 10-year low against the dollar. Although the dollar is still an uncertain currency in the long term given the enormous level of debt currently being accrued by the US Government, for the time being it is proving to be more popular than the pound. This is seriously impacting on the buying power of UK companies. Many of the price cuts of previous years have been sustained through the strength of sterling. With this change, and with companies no longer able to afford losses and with consumers seemingly less impressed by price cuts than ever, it is very likely that prices will start to stabilise and increase towards the end of the review period. Further to this, the Bank of Englands decision to allow quantitative easing means that there is likely to be far greater inflationary pressure in the coming three or four years. Much of this is entirely out of the hands of the clothing sector, but should inflation be allowed to rise too fast the n clearly price cuts will be unsustainable in the long-term. There is likely to be greatly increased merger and acquisition activity as brands are no longer able to cope with the decline in the market. Already the collapse of investment giant Baugur has meant that House of Fraser is being offered for sale and potential bidders include Topshop. It is also the case, however, that failed brands may not get picked up easily as was the case with Woolworths, whose long efforts to find a buyer yielded nothing. New Product Developments Summary 1 New Product Launches 2007- 2008 Brand name Company USPs Launch date MS Suit Marks Spencer Cheapest ever:  £24 Summer 2007 Credit crunch suit package Moss Bros Suit, shirt and tie for cheap:  £9 Summer 2008 Little black credit crunch coats Asda Wool raincoat for cheap:  £15 October 2008 Coremetrics trouser fit Boden 160% more elastic Spring 2007 Source: Trade press, company research, trade interviews Note: USP = unique selling point Sector Data Table 1 Sales of Clothing by Subsector: Volume 2003-2008 mn units 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Mens tops 89.9 98.6 105.2 114.8 121.1 119.6 Mens shirts 164.6 181.8 195.7 215.3 226.5 228.3 Mens jumpers 142.2 152.6 159.7 170.7 174.3 171.0 Mens shorts and trousers 81.5 88.0 92.6 99.6 102.7 102.2 Mens suits 6.8 7.2 7.4 7.8 7.8 7.5 Mens jackets and coats 11.0 11.8 12.5 13.4 14.0 14.0 Other mens outerwear 14.0 14.3 14.7 15.0 15.2 15.3 Mens outerwear 510.0 554.3 587.8 636.6 661.6 658.0 Womens tops 126.2 140.7 151.6 168.5 178.2 180.5 Womens shirts and 165.4 183.6 197.2 218.2 229.8 232.7 blouses Womens jumpers 33.1 35.8 37.3 40.3 42.0 42.4 Womens dresses and 39.1 42.7 45.0 49.0 50.5 50.2 skirts Womens shorts and 134.4 147.4 156.0 170.2 177.4 176.7 trousers Womens suits 10.5 11.2 11.5 12.2 12.4 12.1 Womens jackets and coats 10.8 11.6 12.1 13.0 13.5 13.6 Other womens outerwear 14.1 14.1 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Womens outerwear 533. 5 587.1 625.2 685.7 718.4 722.8 Infant clothing 74.7 81.6 87.1 94.6 99.9 102.3 Girls clothing 92.3 100.6 108.0 117.3 121.2 122.6 Boys clothing 121.3 132.0 141.2 153.3 158.0 158.6 Childrenswear 288.2 314.1 336.2 365.2 379.1 383.4 Underwear and nightwear 244.2 255.8 275.7 297.1 307.5 311.0 Socks, stockings and 109.8 115.8 124.4 134.5 141.6 145.0 tights Clothing accessories 57.7 61.5 66.4 73.0 78.5 81.9 Clothing 1,743.4 1,888.5 2,015.6 2,192.3 2,286.6 2,302.2 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 2 Sales of Clothing by Subsector: Value 2003-2008  £ million 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Mens tops 1,401.9 1,459.4 1,479.7 1,534.4 1,537.3 1,442.3 Mens shirts 2,331.8 2,446.6 2,503.0 2,616.0 2,690.4 2,654.4 Mens jumpers 2,518.4 2,621.5 2,660.8 2,759.1 2,782.9 2,695.9 Mens shorts and trousers 1,154.5 1,209.1 1,234.6 1,287.9 1,301.1 1,271.8 Mens suits 582.7 606.6 615.7 638.4 633.1 608.2 Mens jackets and coats 465.9 488.4 499.2 521.2 528.0 519.5 Other mens outerwear 238.6 236.6 235.0 232.5 230.0 227.6 Mens outerwear 8,693.9 9,068.1 9,228.0 9,589.4 9,702.8 9,419.8 Womens tops 2,681.9 2,840.3 2,908.8 3,069.8 3,140.7 3,100.4 Womens shirts and 2,929.1 3,089.8 3,152.0 3,313.3 3,374.0 3,314.1 blouses Womens jumpers 702.9 737.6 746.9 780.9 795.4 789.0 Womens dresses and 1,109.3 1,173.7 1,200.9 1,266.1 1,274.6 1,241.7 skirts Womens shorts and 1,903.8 2,025.8 2,080.4 2,201.6 2,236.7 2,183.8 trousers Womens suits 874.1 919.2 934.8 979.5 986.5 953.8 Womens jackets and coats 496.9 519.1 524.5 545.9 553.8 547.1 Other womens outerwear 250.0 242.4 238.3 233.4 229.8 227.4 Womens outerwear 10,948.0 11,548.0 11,786.4 12,390.5 12,591.5 12,357.3 Infant clothing 1,057.9 1,097.7 1,113.9 1,149.6 1,173.6 1,174.7 Girls clothing 1,949.2 2,018.0 2,057.7 2,123.6 2,122.3 2,088.1 Boys clothing 1,890.5 1,954.6 1,985.5 2,049.1 2,041.1 1,992.1 Childrenswear 4,897.6 5,070.4 5,157.1 5,322.3 5,337.0 5,255.0 Underwear and nightwear 2,681.3 2,668.0 2,732.3 2,797.6 2,765.2 2,678.8 Socks, stockings and 894.3 895.9 914.9 939.5 956.6 952.2 tights Clothing accessories 735.2 745.2 764.0 798.5 829.7 842.2 Clothing 28,850.2 29,995.7 30,582.6 31,837.9 32,182.8 31,505.2 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 3 Sales of Clothing by Subsector: % Volume Growth 2003-2008 % volume growth 2007/08 2003-08 CAGR 2003/08 TOTAL Mens tops -1.2 5.9 33.0 Mens shirts 0.8 6.8 38.7 Mens jumpers -1.9 3.8 20.3 Mens shorts and trousers -0.5 4.6 25.4 Mens suits -3.0 2.0 10.5 Mens jackets and coats 0.4 5.0 27.9 Other mens outerwear 1.0 1.8 9.4 Mens outerwear -0.5 5.2 29.0 Womens tops 1.2 7.4 43.0 Womens shirts and blouses 1.3 7.1 40.7 Womens jumpers 1.0 5.1 28.2 Womens dresses and skirts -0.6 5.1 28.4 Womens shorts and trousers -0.4 5.6 31.5 Womens suits -2.5 2.9 15.1 Womens jackets and coats 0.8 4.8 26.3 Other womens outerwear 0.7 0.7 3.7 Womens outerwear 0.6 6.3 35.5 Infant clothing 2.4 6.5 37.0 Girls clothing 1.1 5.8 32.8 Boys clothing 0.4 5.5 30.8 Childrenswear 1.1 5.9 33.0 Underwear and nightwear 1.1 5.0 27.4 Socks, stockings and tights 2.4 5.7 32.1 Clothing accessories 4.4 7.3 42.1 Clothing 0.7 5.7 32.1 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 4 Sales of Clothing by Subsector: % Value Growth 2003-2008 % current value growth 2007/08 2003-08 CAGR 2003/08 TOTAL Mens tops -6.2 0.6 2.9 Mens shirts -1.3 2.6 13.8 Mens jumpers -3.1 1.4 7.0 Mens shorts and trousers -2.3 2.0 10.2 Mens suits -3.9 0.9 4.4 Mens jackets and coats -1.6 2.2 11.5 Other mens outerwear -1.0 -0.9 -4.6 Mens outerwear -2.9 1.6 8.4 Womens tops -1.3 2.9 15.6 Womens shirts and blouses -1.8 2.5 13.1 Womens jumpers -0.8 2.3 12.2 Womens dresses and skirts -2.6 2.3 11.9 Womens shorts and trousers -2.4 2.8 14.7 Womens suits -3.3 1.8 9.1 Womens jackets and coats -1.2 1.9 10.1 Other womens outerwear -1.0 -1.9 -9.0 Womens outerwear -1.9 2.5 12.9 Infant clothing 0.1 2.1 11.0 Girls clothing -1.6 1.4 7.1 Boys clothing -2.4 1.1 5.4 Childrenswear -1.5 1.4 7.3 Underwear and nightwear -3.1 0.0 -0.1 Socks, stockings and tights -0.5 1.3 6.5 Clothing accessories 1.5 2.8 14.6 Clothing -2.1 1.8 9.2 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 5 Sales of Mens Outerwear by Type 2003-2008 % units 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Casual 43.7 44.3 44.8 45.2 45.8 46.2 Formal 42.2 41.5 40.7 39.8 39.2 38.7 Sports 14.1 14.3 14.5 14.9 15.0 15.1 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, store checks, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 6 Sales of Womens Outerwear by Type 2003-2008 % units 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Casual 46.5 47.1 47.6 48.1 48.5 49.0 Formal 41.4 40.6 39.8 38.9 38.4 38.0 Sports 12.0 12.3 12.5 12.9 13.1 13.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, store checks, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 7 Sales of Childrenswear by Type 2003-2008 % units 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Casual 69.2 69.5 69.6 69.8 70.6 70.8 Formal 18.1 17.7 17.4 17.2 16.3 16.0 Sports 12.8 12.9 13.0 13.0 13.1 13.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, store checks, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 8 Clothing Company Shares 2004-2008 % retail value rsp Company 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Marks Spencer Plc 9.6 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.1 Next Plc 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 Arcadia Group Ltd 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 Primark Stores Ltd 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.9 Tesco Plc 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.8 Matalan Ltd 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 Asda Stores Ltd 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 New Look Retailers Ltd 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 Gap Inc, The 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 Peacock Group Plc, The 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 River Island Clothing Ltd 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 Hennes Mauritz (HM) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Ltd INDITEX Industria de 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Diseà ±o Textil Baugur UK Ltd 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 Mothercare Plc 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 BhS Ltd 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 Hennes Mauritz (HM) AB 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Monsoon Ltd 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 French Connection Group 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Plc Debenhams Retail Plc 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Triumph Int ernational Ltd 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Abercrombie Fitch Co 0.1 0.1 Jockey UK Co Ltd 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Hillingdon 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 International Ltd Woolworths Group Plc 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Adams Childrenswear Ltd 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Private Label 19.8 20.8 21.8 23.0 24.7 Others 36.7 35.2 33.4 31.0 28.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 9 Clothing Brand Shares 2005-2008 % retail value rsp Brand Company 2005 2006 2007 2008 Marks Spencer Marks Spencer Plc 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.1 Next Next Plc 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 Tesco Tesco Plc 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.8 Matalan Matalan Ltd 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 Primark Primark Stores Ltd 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.3 George Asda Stores Ltd 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 New Look New Look Retailers Ltd 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 Peacocks Peacock Group Plc, The 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 River Island River Island Clothing Ltd 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 G ap Gap Inc, The 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Dorothy Perkins Arcadia Group Ltd 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 HM Hennes Mauritz (HM) Ltd 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Zara INDITEX Industria de 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Diseà ±o Textil Mothercare Mothercare Plc 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 BHS BhS Ltd 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 Topman Arcadia Group Ltd 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Burtons Arcadia Group Ltd 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Evans Arcadia Group Ltd 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 Topshop Arcadia Group Ltd 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Littlewoods Primark Stores Ltd 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 Mosaic Fashions Baugur UK Ltd 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 HM Hennes Mauritz (HM) AB 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Outfit Arcadia Group Ltd 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Miss Selfridge Arcadia Group Ltd 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Accessorize Monsoon Ltd 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 FCUK French Connection Group 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Plc Debenhams Debenhams Retail Plc 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Banana Republic Gap Inc, The 0.2 Triumph Triumph International Ltd 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 MK Baugur UK Ltd 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Wallis Arcadia Group Ltd 0 .1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Abercrombie Fitch Abercrombie Fitch Co 0.1 0.1 Jockey Jockey UK Co Ltd 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jane Norman Arcadia Group Ltd 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Aextex Hillingdon 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 International Ltd Woolworths Woolworths Group Plc 0.6 0.6 0.6 Adams Kids Adams Childrenswear Ltd 0.5 0.5 0.5 Private label Private Label 20.8 21.8 23.0 24.7 Others 35.2 33.5 31.0 28.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 10 Sales of Clothing by Distribution Format: % Analysis 2003-2008 % retail value rsp 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Store-Based Retailing 86.8 86.3 85.6 86.0 85.0 84.1 Grocery Retailers 7.8 8.6 9.4 10.2 10.5 10.8 Non-Grocery Retailers 78.9 77.7 76.2 75.7 74.5 73.3 Mixed Retailers 11.0 10.5 9.9 9.4 9.2 9.0 Clothing and footwear 66.5 65.6 64.3 63.9 63.5 62.6 specialist retailers Other Non-Grocery 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.5 1.8 1.7 Retailers Non-Store Retailing 13.3 13.7 14.4 14.0 15.0 15.9 Homeshopping 10.4 10.3 10.4 9.6 9.5 9.4 Internet Retailing 2.5 3.1 3.8 4.2 5.3 6.3 Direct Selling 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, store checks, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 11 Forecast Sales of Clothing by Subsector: Volume 2008-2013 mn units 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Mens tops 119.6 116.5 114.4 113.4 114.4 115.7 Mens shirts 228.3 223.2 220.7 221.7 223.9 228.4 Mens jumpers 171.0 166.3 163.7 164.4 165.8 167.5 Mens shorts and trousers 102.2 99.5 98.3 98.1 98.6 99.4 Mens suits 7.5 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 Mens jackets and coats 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.6 13.7 13.8 Other mens outerwear 15.3 15.3 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.7 Mens outerwear 658.0 642.0 633.5 633.9 639.1 647.6 Womens tops 180.5 177.4 175.4 175.0 175.8 177.6 Womens shirts and 232.7 226.6 223.9 222.2 224.2 227.0 blouses Womens jumpers 42.4 41.5 41.0 40.9 41.3 41.8 Womens dresses and 50.2 49.3 48.7 48.4 48.5 49.1 skirts Womens shorts and 176.7 174.6 172.8 171.7 172.2 174.2 trousers Womens suits 12.1 11.6 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.4 Womens jackets and coats 13.6 13.4 13.3 13.2 13.3 13.5 Other womens outerwear 14.6 14.8 14.9 14.9 15.0 14.9 Womens outerwear 722.8 709.1 701.3 697.7 701.7 709.6 Infant clothing 102.3 102.6 103.1 104.0 105.1 106.9 Girls clothing 122.6 122.0 122.4 123.4 124.9 127.2 Boys clothing 158.6 157.3 156.9 157.8 159.4 161.4 Childrenswear 383.4 381.9 382.4 385.2 389.5 395.5 Underwear and nightwear 311.0 312.5 319.5 329.5 341.7 355.8 Socks, stockings and 145.0 145.5 146.8 148.3 151.5 156.0 tights Clothing accessories 81.9 83.8 85.8 88.5 91.8 95.5 Clothing 2,302.2 2,274.7 2,269.3 2,283.0 2,315.3 2,359.9 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 12 Forecast Sales of Clothing by Subsector: Value 2008-2013  £ million 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Mens tops 1,442.3 1,334.7 1,267.4 1,232.1 1,231.3 1,246.7 Mens shirts 2,654.4 2,541.0 2,462.0 2,428.8 2,416.6 2,437.1 Mens jumpers 2,695.9 2,592.6 2,527.2 2,516.8 2,521.9 2,534.9 Mens shorts and trousers 1,271.8 1,220.3 1,189.1 1,173.9 1,167.6 1,168.6 Mens suits 608.2 583.2 567.8 562.2 561.1 562.5 Mens jackets and coats 519.5 503.6 491.0 483.6 481.4 482.5 Other mens outerwear 227.6 223.4 223.4 221.9 220.7 219.9 Mens outerwear 9,419.8 8,998.8 8,728.1 8,619.3 8,600.5 8,652.1 Womens tops 3,100.4 2,986.8 2,902.2 2,851.5 2,830.6 2,831.1 Womens shirts and 3,314.1 3,147.5 3,046.6 2,978.4 2,969.2 2,985.2 blouses Womens jumpers 789.0 760.7 743.2 734.7 736.6 742.1 Womens dresses and 1,241.7 1,197.0 1,166.7 1,147.2 1,142.9 1,151.3 skirts Womens shorts and 2,183.8 2,120.7 2,069.9 2,032.0 2,017.5 2,024.2 trousers Womens suits 953.8 909.8 883.2 876.0 873.9 879.3 Womens jackets and coats 547.1 529.4 517.8 511.4 511.2 513.5 Other womens outerwear 227.4 226.2 225.6 225.4 225.5 225.8 Womens outerwear 12,357.3 11,878.2 11,555.3 11,356.7 11,307.4 11,352.5 Infant clothing 1,174.7 1,158.2 1,148.5 1,144.9 1,149.9 1,164.4 Girls clothing 2,088.1 2,035.1 2,008.9 2,002.7 2,011.5 2,037.5 Boys clothing 1,992.1 1,934.3 1,896.6 1,882.8 1,884.7 1,896.6 Childrenswear 5,255.0 5,127.5 5,054.0 5,030.5 5,046.1 5,098.5 Underwear and nightwear 2,678.8 2,602.8 2,613.5 2,660.2 2,731.1 2,829.1 Socks, stockings and 952.2 934.4 925.8 922.0 930.8 948.4 tights Clothing accessories 842.2 843.1 848.2 860.7 880.1 906.2 Clothing 31,505.2 30,384.8 29,724.8 29,449.5 29,495.9 29,786.8 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 13 Forecast Sales of Clothing by Sub sector: % Volume Growth 2008-2013 % volume growth 2008-13 CAGR 2008/13 TOTAL Mens tops -0.7 -3.3 Mens shirts 0.0 0.0 Mens jumpers -0.4 -2.1 Mens shorts and trousers -0.5 -2.7 Mens suits -1.0 -5.1 Mens jackets and coats -0.3 -1.5 Other mens outerwear 0.4 2.0 Mens outerwear -0.3 -1.6 Womens tops -0.3 -1.6 Womens shirts and blouses -0.5 -2.4 Womens jumpers -0.3 -1.3 Womens dresses and skirts -0.4 -2.2 Womens shorts and trousers -0.3 -1.4 Womens suits -1.2 -5.7 Womens jackets and coats -0.2 -1.1 Other womens outerwear 0.4 2.0 Womens outerwear -0.4 -1.8 Infant clothing 0.9 4.5 Girls clothing 0.7 3.8 Boys clothing 0.3 1.8 Childrenswear 0.6 3.1 Underwear and nightwear 2.7 14.4 Socks, stockings and tights 1.5 7.5 Clothing accessories 3.1 16.6 Clothing 0.5 2.5 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, Euromonitor International estimates Table 14 Forec ast Sales of Clothing by Subsector: % Value Growth 2008-2013 % constant value growth 2008-13 CAGR 2008/13 TOTAL Mens tops -2.9 -13.6 Mens shirts -1.7 -8.2 Mens jumpers -1.2 -6.0 Mens shorts and trousers -1.7 -8.1 Mens suits -1.6 -7.5 Mens jackets and coats -1.5 -7.1 Other mens outerwear -0.7 -3.4 Mens outerwear -1.7 -8.2 Womens tops -1.8 -8.7 Womens shirts and blouses -2.1 -9.9 Womens jumpers -1.2 -5.9 Womens dresses and skirts -1.5 -7.3 Womens shorts and trousers -1.5 -7.3 Womens suits -1.6 -7.8 Womens jackets and coats -1.3 -6.1 Other womens outerwear -0.1 -0.7 Womens outerwear -1.7 -8.1 Infant clothing -0.2 -0.9 Girls clothing -0.5 -2.4 Boys clothing -1.0 -4.8 Childrenswear -0.6 -3.0 Underwear and nightwear 1.1 5.6 Socks, stockings and tights -0.1 -0.4 Clothing accessories 1.5 7.6 Clothing -1.1 -5.5 Source: Official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, E uromonitor International estimates

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