How Awareness Is Crucial For L2 Development During Second...

Introduction Understanding if the role of awareness is crucial for L2 development in second language or foreign language acquisition research has been a highly debated topic. While there are many researchers who claim that awareness is not necessary for L2 uptake, a majority of research shows a positive trend that awareness plays a huge role in SL and FL uptake (Leow, 2000). According to Leow’s (2000) research, awareness is a necessary tool for L2 data to be taken in and processed, and that no learning would happen without awareness. In a previous study conducted by Leow, he determined that awareness can be categorized based on three characteristics: cognitive change, meta-awareness, and morphological rule formation (Leow, 2002). There†¦show more content†¦A fundamental concept behind language learning is through the understanding of Long’s Interaction hypothesis, which proposes that second language learning is aided by interactional processes because of the ro le of interaction in connecting â€Å"input, internal learner capacities, particularly selective attention, and output in productive ways† (Mackey, 2006). Feedback and interaction help result in modified output which is also helpful in language learning. Different varieties of interactions in SL/FL classroom settings are facilitated through form-focused instruction (Mackey, 2006). The feedback received from focusing on form is in response to learner errors during meaning focused communication (Mackey, 2006). Recasts and negotiation are used as forms when learners have comprehension or production errors. By narrowing the focus of language learning to certain problem areas, language learners will be prompted to pay more attention to linguistic forms (Mackey, 2006). When examining the research behind the cognitive processes in second language learning, attention and awareness are two key processes that aid in L2 development through interaction- as mentioned previously. â€Å" Attention allows learners to notice a gap between what they produce or know and what is produced by the speakers of the L2, and the perception of the gap or mismatch can lead to grammar restructuring† (Mackey, 2006). In order for attention and awareness to

Approval, An Action That Is Important Today s Society Essay

Approval, an action that is very important in today’s society even back then. When a person joins a group, club, or comes together in a relationship with someone, they first need the endorsement of the person or people. Approval is something I struggled to get when I first joined MCJROTC. The acceptance into that group was hard to get because of the requirements the people had made there on their own. First, there was an abundant amount of recommendations and asking for me to join the Physical Training team of the MCJROTC. My friend’s requests were like the hypnotizing eyes of Kaa the python from â€Å"The Jungle Book† film just asking for attention. After a while I finally convinced myself to go through with it. Once I got there I felt like the ugly duckling of the group. I didn’t have all green which made me stand out like a stain on a white shirt. I felt out of place without having anyone to communicate with. I just hoping someone would talk with me. T hat whole day I received many faces just saying â€Å"Who in the world are you?† As days progressed the PT team members opened up themselves more to me. After a whole semester I felt accepted towards some of the members, but to me it felt like a huge step. However, in the first semester there was a group that I still did not feel accepted by them, that group was the Advanced team or as they call themselves the Elites. They seemed to be the kings of all the PT team; everyone would bow as they stood to see us exercise. Everyone wasShow MoreRelatedSir Robert Peel : Moral And An Effective Police Drive1167 Words   |  5 Pagesand used today. Peel’s principles are relevant today as well because they give officers General Instructions to every single officer experienced or not experienced. It is like a set of ground for an officer that they must follow. The Principles of Sir Robert Peel, abridge the thoughts and ideas that Sir Robert Peel created to characterize a moral police constrain. The approach communicated in these standards is regularly known as policing by assent. All nine of these principles apply today, but theRead MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison1308 Words   |  6 Pageshow the main character saw himself and caused the conflicts within himself. Battle Royal deals with racism and the suppression of the African American race and how it effected the actions of that culture. The main character of the story is an African American raised in a predominately white area in the early 1950 s, where there was very little acceptance of non-white cultures. Throughout the story the character goes through an extreme revelation about how he was taught by the white culture to perceiveRead MoreCultural Consideration1138 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal justice system cultural concerns and influences in today’s societies have its po sitive and negative aspects. Cultural concerns and influences raises a lot of attention of the affect it has on justice and the security administration. 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Many bachelor’s degree holders will find positions in related fields, such as social services, education, or public policy. Employers today employ individuals who nurture creativity

Leadership Communication Styles Inventory free essay sample

As a manager or leader of an organization of any kind, the power and ability to effectively lead others are in the choices made to build a healthy, motivational, and productive relationship with people on your team. We all influence others in some way, its Just that we seldom realize that we do or how we do it. Power in the workplace has traditionally been defined as force, dominance, assertiveness, strength, invincibility, and authority. In forward thinking corporations, power requires a commitment and a plan of action (Hale, 2010). Power and influence are somewhat interchangeable. Power is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others. Power is not the act of changing someonws attitudes or behavior; it is only the potential to do so. You might feel powerful or think you have power over someone else, but this is not power unless you truly have the capacity to influence that person (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). One of the hardest lessons of management is that practically everything that has to be done must be done by others. Manager ¤Ã‚ ¬ws duties not only include directing employees ut controlling the budget, assets, and other Jobs within the organization as well. Leadership is the ability to get people to do what they don ¬wt want to do and like it. In other words, the core problem for leaders in any organization involves getting others to do what is required to accomplish the organization ¤es goals (Michelson). The concept of power and its application to leadership and management has gotten a bad reputation. Terms such as power hungry, abuse of power and corrupted by power have diluted powerws real use and meaning and deprived some leaders f the opportunity to understand and use various forms of power to good purposes (Wood, 2010). I like to believe people misuse their power simply because they have it and are unaware of it. When used in a positive, moral, and ethical manner, power is an excellent resource. It requires the perception of dependence, so people might gain power by convincing others that they have something of value, whether or not they actually control that resource. Consequently power exists when others believe that you control resources they want (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 010). People rely on their emotion more frequently than they realize to make decisions, so to become a more powerful influencer, it is wise to consider othews values, personality, and intelligence and express confidence in the personws ability to accomplish the Job. The type of power applied affects the type of influence the power holder has over the other person or work unit. Everyone has power and I d believe that to be a bad thing. The issue becomes what kind of power a person has and how it is used. The most powerful source is based on one osition within an organization and the authority given in that position (Wood, 2010). An abusive boss can lose respect and influence from their team members. As a leader, your influence and power are not only about getting the Job done, itws about the relationships you develop in the workplace. A supervisor on my Job is retiring in a couple ot months and it seems ner whole attitude and demeanor nas changed. She seems to be on a quest to get all the people she wants out of the company and all that she wants promoted before she leaves. The influence and respect that she once possessed is no longer apparent or given to her and the orale in the office is very low. Her tactics to get the Job done are threatening, humiliating, and demeaning for some of the employees. They are afraid to go above her for the fear of retaliation, so they wait and hope that their Jobs are safe until she retires. French and Raven, social psychologists, identified five sources of power legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, and referent that help the dependent person directly or indirectly achieve his or her goals. Legitimate, reward and coercive are sources of power granted formally by the organization and informally by co-workers; hey are positional powers (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Legitimate power is an agreement among organizational members that people in certain roles can request certain behaviors of others. It depends on mutual agreement from those expected to abide by this authority (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). True and lasting power comes from being a leader worthy of respect and admiration. If you treat people with dignity and respect, you will build a trusting relationship and people will look up to you, listen to what you say, and want to be like you. Reward power derived from the person ability to control the allocation of rewards valued by others and to remove negative sanctions. Managers have power over the distribution of organizational rewards such as pay, promotions, time off, vacation schedules, and work assignments (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). This power comes with the position and can be taken away if the position is removed. Coercive power is the ability to apply punishment. Employees also have coercive power to ensure that co-workers conform to team norms (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). You have this kind of power when youwre in a position to punish others if they don ¬wt do what you want. People fear the consequences of not doing what has been asked of them. Expert and referent powers are based on an individuws personal power. These powers are based on charisma, likeability, and positive feelings the leader generates among subordinates (Wood, 2010). There is research suggesting that charismatic leadership is negatively related to harmful behaviors in the workplace. For example, transformational leadership was negatively associated with safety accidents which harisma is a large component of (Hale, 2010). These powers originate from the power holders characteristics and are power bases brought to the organization. Expert power is an individualws or work uws capacity to influence others by possessing knowledge or skills that others value (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). This power is based on what you know and will quickly gain you respect and influence in the workplace. It is all about knowing your Job and doing it well and not being afraid in learning all that you can. It could potentially be the basis for a managerial role for an employee. Referent power is a function ofa perso ¬ws interpersonal skills which allows others to identify with them, like them, or respect them and is associated with charismatic leadership (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). People are well liked and are considered role models because of their connection and concern for other people. People who are well-liked and respected nave a tremendous amount ot reterent power. A wise leader knows now and when to apply the right amount of power to influence an individual, group, or situation to move an agenda forward (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). In order to be an effective leader, a person cannot rely solely on either of these positions of power. Leading by example, offering rewards, or threatening punishments all can be used as power tools to accomplish goals, however more power can be gained by sharing it among the team in a more subtle and counterintuitive way (Wood, 2010). If you want your team to be ethical and respectful of each other, I believe the example should start from the top. Using influence tactics well requires a healthy combination of interpersonal, communication, presentation, and assertiveness techniques, verbal skills such as asserting, probing, ersisting, speaking conversationally, and willingness to ask for favors ( (Selling and Persuaion Techniques ). Influence refers to any behavior that attempts to alter someonws attitudes or behaviors (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). You may try to exert your influence through coercion and manipulation and you might even get things done but that isn ¬wt really influencing. Thatws forcing people to do what you want them to do and often against their will. Effective leaders use combinations of various strategies for different purposes under different onditions which can be classified under three categories: retribution, reciprocation, and reason (Michelson).

Mcdonald’s senior restaurant case study free essay sample

Lisa Aham’s restaurant case is another example of how managers should analyze their businesses, their competitors and their customer environment to effectively adapt business strategy in carving out a niche that addresses customer perceived value while allowing the business to remain relevant, especially in a highly competitive industry such as the fast food industry. Even without knowing all of the statistical facts involved with this case, once can safely assume that the marketing strategy employed here is an effective one, perhaps one not being offered by rival restaurants. Aham’s ability to identify a target market with seniors, from what one could perceive as a careful assessment of the market that her McDonald’s operates in, and her ability to create a marketing mix such as the $1. 99 menu offering and the free coffee perks is certainly an effective differentiation strategy; one which customers have responded to positively as evidenced by the influx of the large crowd that consistently visited the restaurant. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonald’s senior restaurant case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now whether this is good image issue for McDonald’s, it depends largely on the company’s. According to the article, a key part of McDonald’s philosophy is what we see playing out at Aham’s restaurant; Aham’s actions seem to align with key parts of the company philosophies. It could be argued that she certainly has achieved some success in adapting those philosophies and combining them with elements of the marketing mix to help fulfill the overall business objectives and perhaps impacting the business’s bottom line. In practice, the marketing mix in this example is conveyed by the restaurant’s menu offering, the $1.99 meal, being offered at a price that is reasonably affordable, the free coffee refills take the form of the restaurant promotion and the meal products seem readily available to seniors at a convenience, both in place and time. The senior citizen market segment signifies the repeat customers that a restaurant typically target. According to the article, these seniors spend similarly to the average customer; they are neater than most customers and carefully clean up their tables before they leave. From a corporate perspective, they represent a dream niche that most restaurants could counton for guaranteed revenue. With them cleaning up after themselves, one can assume that they probably help keep variable labor costs down while consistently creating additional revenue by bringing in additional customers to the restaurant. All things equal, a cost benefit analysis would probably yield positive revenue to cost ratio. These are all positives that would seem to outweigh potential negatives at least in the short term, so from that point of view, no immediate actions would seem necessary. The Bingo idea on the other hand, is one that would need to be carefully examined. A restaurant has an obligation to be socially responsible by aiming to improve its positive effects in the environment in which it operates. Bingo, even with no monetary exchange, could still be perceived as organized gambling by some members of the society. Though the intention sounds good, the restaurant’s effort to create extra satisfaction, even while increasing revenue, could actually create a micro-macro dilemma effect that could be damaging to McDonald’s overall image. What is â€Å"good† for some other businesses and consumers may not always be good for society as a whole.

Grace Essays - Oral Literature, Vocal Music, Music, Frank Sinatra

Grace I need to talk to someone. dad left.. he left a fax.. i can't believe this.. he gave me money this morning. i knew something was wrong. i had a feeling he'd leave. i just knew it, in my head you know. sixth sense or something. I'm so... sad i guess. I feel like it's my fault. We were so low to him. maybe i feel worse about this thing because i kind of know how he feels i heard them fighting. i heard him crying. i feel so bad. he was doing so much work for us. we didn't even thank him for it, nothing in return. life sux. I wrote on my hand just about an hour ago... before i found out. life is so good. what the hell was i thinking. must have been out of my mind. i hate this kind of *censored*. i get all emotional and i can't hide it. I'm so empathetic it's not funny. it's like this book we're studying for literature. I mean I even think that this guy is lost, but i guess i can relate to how he can cry when some one feels bads coz i do that. i think my mom's crying, but she's being stro ng for us, the kids. i love her so much. I love my dad too, but i guess i never actually showed it.... none of us have. maybe that's why he satyed away. i just hope he doesn't get hurt. I don't was anyone to see me like this, maybe my friends. I think th reason why i talk to them more than my family is coz, they don't know half the people i talk about. i really need some help... everything's going badly... i wonder what's next. maybe my cousin... no, that's bad luck. i have to go. get my head cleared. see ya. grace.? Default Text Ok. it came back. it wasn't such a bad thing... but we're all on our tippy toes, trying to see if he'll get stressed out again. i still don't know why he left. i can't see... you guess why. everything feels so weird. we're gonna sleep in new house 2morrow. yey?who! why can't life just be good to everyone. it may have been a midlife crisis. you can tell that he's been crying the whole time he's been gone. his eyes are all puffed and blood?shot. even until now. i've never seen him cry. he's never cried in front of us. maybe if he did, we would have been more emotional with him, and he would have known how much we love him, and not have been so stressed out. mom and the rest of them reckon he left becuase of work. i don't know about that. i wouldn't leave like he did just because of work. that's why, she is ignorant of his emotions. i am so depressed right now. i have to learn how to be around him again.. i don't know if i can. i'll be fake and he'll resent it more. what am i gonna do. why can't i talk to anyone. i told my friends about everything. it help a bit... but i really need to talk to SoMEONE. a someone who i'm really tight with. i don't have anyone like that, julie and me used to be like thiat... what can you do. a have to think... i am here, but i need to make sense of everything, and it's easier in my head. grace.

Huckleberry Finn Essays (811 words) - Fiction, Literature

Huckleberry Finn Essays (811 words) - Fiction, Literature Huckleberry Finn The idea Miss Watson has of Huck Finn being a dirty, nasty, vulgar little boy who smokes, swears, and stays away from Sunday school is not a justifiable description of him. Hucks character goes much deeper. Huck is a literal-minded, imaginative, trustworthy boy who is greatly impacted by the inhuman ways of society. His society driven conscience is in constant conflict with his free, loyal heart. A mind of the greatest literalness is represented by Huck and what he calls his conscience. Hucks conscience is the belief in the inhuman rights of slave owners not to be deprived of their property. Hucks conscience is a portrayal of the moral values of society. The idea of slavery is drilled by society into every one of its members, including the otherwise free tramp like Huck- and the natural, human rights of Jim. Hucks heart follows the opposite views of his conscience. Huck has been listening to Jims excited talk about what he will do when he is free and it has disturbed what Huck calls his conscience. Conscience says to me, What had poor Miss Watson dont to you that you could see her nigger go off right under your eyes and never say one single word? What did that poor women do to you that you could treat her so mean? (92) Jim, as a man, has the right to be free. Huck does not realize this because of the views society has instilled in him. Jim has the right to love his wife and yearn for his children. Jim has the determination to work and save up his money and never spend a scent in order to buy his children out of slavery. The final plan he considers, getting an Ablitionist to go and steal (93) his children if their owner refuses to sell them. The consideration of this plan is a shock to Hucks conscience that awakens him to the wickedness of consorting with Jim and helping him run away from the society-conforming Miss Watson. Miss Watson holds Jim in chattel slavery and Huck in the more subtle slavery of civilized conduct. Hucks conscience is thus badly shaken by Jims wicked talk of stealing his children from an innocent owner. He decides that it is his moral duty to betray Jim. This decision is a great relief to him, and the minute they sight a town he sets off in the canoe to find somebody to capture Jim. Unluckily, as he is leaving Jim says to him, Ise a free man, en I couldnt ever been free ef it hadnt been for Huckyous de bes fren Jims ever had; en yous de only fren ole Jims got now (93). This innocent expression of human affection and gratitude is very ill-timed for Huck; as he says, I was paddling off, all in a sweat to tell on him; but when he says this it seemed to kind of take the tuck all out of me (93). As a result, when on some men in a canoe who are actually looking for runaway slaves Huck finds he is not man enough to betray Jim. This explains Hucks loyalty and dedication to keeping his promise to Jim- his promise not to turn Jim in for escaping slavery. Instead he finds himself inventin g and performing with great skill a complicated lie that persuades the men in the canoe not to go near the raft where Jim is hiding: he makes them believe- he never says so himself- that there are three people with small pox on the raft. Not only does this illustrate that Huck has a great level of imagination it shows the he has a profound knowledge of human nature. This knowledge allows him to create stories, which play upon the selfishness and pettiness of society. He is deeply discouraged to find himself acting this way, as if he hadnt the spunk of a rabbit (94). I knowed very well, he says, that I had done wrong, and I see it warnt no use for me to try to learn to do right; a body that dont get started right when hes little aint got no show- when the pinch comes

Relationship between the Public Relations and Marketing functions Essay

Relationship between the Public Relations and Marketing functions - Essay Example Public relations if well utilized serve as an effective tool in building awareness through generating stories in the media. Then public relation after developing the story in the media then takes another step to create a sense of an enigma among salespersons to boost their morale of work. Marketing mainly involves a variety of processes concerned with finding out what customers want and then availing it for them at a profit (Weinreich, 2011). This process of marketing mainly involves four key elements, referred to as marketing mix. Red Bull, one of the most popular soft drink producers has continued to enjoy continuous prosperity in many of its stalls due to its ability to perfectly bridge the gap between public relations and marketing. In the attempt to popularize the company products, Red Bull, has adopted various forms of marketing to promote its products. The company has intensively used advertising as one tool of its marketing (Dubois, 2010). Without advertising, many notable red bull products could be still unknown to consumers. Initially, Red bull solely depended on encouragement strategy to the consumers. They orally urged them to try the company’s products so as to realize the power and the uniqueness of them. Their marketing effort concentrates on getting more and more persons to buy the company’s product. They believed that after consuming their products, customers will get satisfied and later will serve as means of marketing message dissemination channel. Later, the company adopted modern means of marketing like advertising in order to reach more consumers so as to increase the company profits. As a form of marketing, the advertisement has given the red bull company a competitive edge in the soft drink market (Yates, 2008).  

Managment class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managment class - Essay Example The most prominent scenes where the episodes when the colonel Nicholson was ready to die and scarify the lives of the British officers to state his position about Geneva Convention, article 27 which stated that the officers shall not be forced to work. Even after his has been sent to the punishment cell, the colonel Nicholson was sure that only one person can win and he should not go for comprise even though the officers and soldiers would have better conditions. The colonel Saito has managed to avoid a conflict when the colonel Nicholson offered a new plan of the bridge construction. By saying that the commands have been already given in response to Nicholson’s’ new plan, Saito has shown an intention to â€Å"ignore a conflict† (219). The first bit of this stage took place when the colonel Saito invited Nicholson for a dinner in order to negotiate the way of cooperation so that he could achieve the goal set. This stage implies that â€Å"there is no clear winner or loser† (219). When both colonels understood that building of the bridge did have certain benefits to both parties, they have accepted the solution that â€Å"provided incomplete satisfaction of both parties’ concerns† (219). Both parties have lost something: the colonel Nicolson – his ideology and officer’s duty, where the colonel Seito – his leadership, authority, and control over the bridge construction process. Collaborating stage took place on the moment when construction of the bridge was over and the colonel Nicholson has found a mine around the bridge. Both parties where interested in the final result – railroad path through the bridge as lots of efforts have been put to achieve this goal. Both Nicholson and Seito went together down to the river to find the problem and secure the bridge. Based on the film scenes it is possible to state that both leaders Saito and Nicholson have absolutely different

Parkinsons disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parkinsons disease - Essay Example Its prevalence in developed countries is just about 0.3%. (Breteler, 532) the percentage exceeds to one percent in individuals above sixty years that increases to three percent for individuals that are older than eighty years. (Huse, 1450) Within the USA, Parkinson’s disease affects nearly hundred to one hundred eighty individuals out of every 100,000 individuals and shows a yearly occurrence of four to twenty out of every 100,000 individuals. The prevalence of the disease increases with the rise in the aging of population. It has been estimated that there will be a rise in the occurrence of the disease in upcoming years; however its medical intrusions will participate to a great extent in combating with the extensive range of unmet requirements connected with the disorder. Statistics show a market of $5.9bn in the worldwide retailing of Parkinsons disease restorative therapeutics that is far more than the last year’s values which used to be $4.6bn. Incomes gained from the authorized Parkinsons disease remedies all over the world (in major countries like America, England and France) found out to be more than $2.2 billion in 2006. A rise of revenues that is equivalent to approximately $6.4bn is anticipated by the end of 2015. (Metz, 251) Due to advancement in the therapies a reduction in the number of deaths due to Parkinsons disease is expected in next five to ten years. The increase in the revenues is mainly due to the latest developments in drugs therapy that brings a reduction in the load of polypharmacy in individuals that are currently on the pharmacotherapy of the disease. A dynamic change in the market of Parkinson’s disease is expected mainly due to the leading therapeutics owned by the names like, GlaxoSmithKlines (GSKs), UCB-Schwarzs Neupro, Lundbeck’s Azilect and Teva etc. (Chrischilles, 410) This has also been observed that a huge portfolio

Differences and Importance of IPPS, OPPS, MPFS and DMEPOS

Differences and Importance of IPPS, OPPS, MPFS and DMEPOS The inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) is a structure of payment that comprises the instances of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) as acute care hospital inpatients. It is founded on resources that are employed to take care of recipients of Medicare in those groups. Each one DRG has a weight of payment allocated to it, founded on the standard cost of treating patients in that DRG. IPPS participates a significant function in deciding all costs of hospital as well as the costs of all tools for treating the patient all through a precise stay of inpatient (CMS. Gov, 2012). The outpatient prospective payment system (OPPS) on the other side is controlled for service groups of diverse outpatient as classifications of ambulatory payment (APCs). Outpatient services in every APC are alike in expressions of clinical aspects and entailed resources. The APC payment rate In addition, for every group is wage adjusted to rationalize differences of geographic and functional in the group to all services. Hospitals In this get a fixed sum for all services of outpatient founded on classifications of ambulatory payment. Medicare apart from this, employs it to repay physicians and additional health care providers for the items and services that are not division of prospective payment systems (Herbert, 2012). A Medicare physician fee schedule (MPFS) establishes the rates of payment for therapy and physician services that are founded on conversion factors, relative value units, and cost indices of geographic practice. Durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics and supplies (DMEPOS) is recounted to reimbursement rates for these specific things to suppliers that make certain admission of a high-class of these things to the patients. It includes more than a small number of regulations of payment managing the delivery of DMEPOS things for beneficiaries of Medicare. It renders the process of competitive and authorization bidding, supplier enrollment, that have an force on suppliers payment made by the hospitals. It advances the capability of physicians to offer these things to their patients in an suitable manner. It make sure efficient supply of the required resources like health techniques, equipments, and technologies to the deprived at the right cost. There is most important divergence of recipients, provider groups, and their services offered for medical beneficiaries in these models, (CMS. Gov, 2012). OPPS and IPPS are executed for the similar provider i.e. health organizations and hospitals, nevertheless different in their recipients, who are out patients and inpatients correspondingly. DMEPOS and MPFS don’t comprise prospective payment systems and focus on supplier and physicians groups correspondingly. All these methods are structured to restrain on raise in health care services cost to the patients. It aids for the beneficiaries of medical to get quality and effective health care services at low down cost (Green Rowell, 2012). Hospitals With this are also confined to get a precise amount for their services, which they offer to the patients. Payment Expectations Both inpatient and outpatient prospective payment system methods of reimbursement are employed by Medicare to reimburse hospitals for outpatient and inpatient services, in addition to rehabilitation hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and home health services. It is anticipated from both providers that they ought to provide outpatient and inpatient services to the patients efficiently. It is as well anticipated that these hospitals for all time emphasize improving effectiveness and efficiency of care, while generating a results-oriented, patient-focused, market-driven environment (Zweifel, Breyer Kifmann, 2009). It is supposed to be noted down In this context, that in the instance that someone is not capable to recompense for hospitahealth services it is anticipated from the hospital that it offer the free of cost health services. It in addition have to serve a least amount number of beneficiaries of Medicare. Non-physician and physicians practitioners Under the MPFS, are remunerated that offer fundamental health services to beneficiaries of Medicare. For this group Payment expectation is to advance the quality of care for patients while eradicating barriers to thriving participation of physician. They ought to follow Medicare laws with this, consecutively to accomplish the medical beneficiaries expectation. It is essential for them In addition, to offer facilities of Medicare to the patients at decided prices with no any conflicts. It is as well presumed to non-physician and physicians practitioners that they construct of the majority of their knowledge and skills consecutively to offer patients health treatment (CMS. Gov, 2012). All hospital and physicians practitioners acquire a fixed sum for every patient and are accountable for making accessible all services for that patient above a assigned period. DMEPOS is employed for paying back suppliers of prosthetics, durable medical equipment, orthotics and supplies to the patients. Value based purchasing of health care services are Payment expectations for this provider that can offer additional transparency on quality and cost to make certain Medicare beneficiaries optimal care. Providers In addition, have to be additional spotlight to supply to CMS performance data, which is probable to have an effect on potential reimbursements to provider. There are financial penalties for those providers In condition of any infringement of CMS’ standards,who don’t meet up these standards (Mayes Berenson, 2006). It is as well anticipated from suppliers that they offer efficient supplies to the hospitals in considers ensuring the eminence of the patients health. Implication of a Case Mix Involving IPPS, OPPS and DMEPOS for A Small Hospital Implication of a case mix In a small hospital, concerning OPPS IPPS,and DMEPOS is to develop the hospital care quality and center on designing effectual improvement facilities of quality. Hospitals are a most important constituent of the delivery system of health care, which are required to implement and develop an important outcome on quality, costs and admission to care. Small hospitals can attain their payments in a appropriate way in the course of executing these methods. They might be capable to get diverse equipments and required resources at rational price all the way through suppliers (Chalfin Rizzo, 2011). It can facilitate them to offer healthcare services based on quality to the patients at a lower cost. They can obtain an appropriate amount for offering healthcare services to the outpatients and inpatients. It facilitates them to classify their services according the health regulations in an effectual way. It as well offers them equivalent opportunity to get growth since of security for payment of their services as indicated by fixed standards and sets. Hospitals of Small specialty and centers in concern of this, are obtaining the latest technology and equipment consecutively to draw high-end customers from commercial hospitals. DMEPOS can aid them to obtain these services with easiness at low down cost. These hospitals Apart from this, are proficient to administer their cash flow competently regarding their inventories and services. A fixed and proper amount of payment to the small health care providers employees can stimulate them to offer quality services to the beneficiaries of medical effectively (CMS. Gov, 2012). Small hospitals can acquire bonus payments for offering health professional shortage care. Consequently, a small hospital can associate these payment methods suitably in its operations. There possibly will be likelihood of risk to get lesser amount on the other hand, for their services since of the nature of illness of patients, high treatment cost involvement, or additional situational factors. It is since the fee is charged for the anticipated expenditure of caring for the patient. If the on the whole cost of care is additional than anticipated, the profit the hospital and doctor receive can be decreased. It can force growth of hospital in unconstructive manner. It relies on the equipped efficiency of the hospital that they can acquire additional profits by offering care at a lower-than-anticipated cost. Furthermore, there possibly will be a likelihood of less increase in standard payments for services of small hospital in novel reforms of these models of payment (Wachter, Goldman Hollander, 2005).

The Catbird Seat

The Catbird Seat English 3 AP Date: 3- 13- 13 Pd. 5th Comprehension: 1. Birnbaum feels his â€Å"new place in society† after his accident is that he’s provides with certain specialties due to his disabilities and that now he has special privileges that regular people doesn’t contain. 2. He takes advantage of his new status by cutting in front of lines at the DMV, the movies as well as many other places where people tend to have to wait in a line. He’s also not punished as hard as a regular person for the mistakes he’s made due to his disability. . He describes them as his â€Å"even uppers† for his physical limitations and for the difficulties caused by establishments not complying with the Americans disabilities act. 4. He realized he has limitations as well as everyone else after the incident he went through with the blind person and observed how the blind is much more privileged than the ones with the wheelchair. Purpose and Audience: 1. H e expects the reader to now occupy the life of a disabled person in a wheelchair.He gives daily life examples of his life to show who stands above him and what special benefits have he conquered due to his accident. 2. He specifies his thesis late in the essay since he believes starting off the essay with examples will cause more of an impact on the reader than just stating the thesis so his technique was well thought out. 3. His view point would make an utter change as he might encourage as well as inform the disabilities to know what benefits they achieve as well as the limitations that come from them. . His goal for the essay seems to inform the readers as well as educate them on the life of the disabilities. Now he expects readers to have the same amount of knowledge as him when it comes to people on wheelchairs. Style and Structure: 1. Starting off the essay with an example is an effective introductory strategy, since it grabs the reader’s attentions much more closer tha n any other techniques could have. 2. His essay is definitely much more convincing due to his experience in the life on a wheelchair.It would be impossible to try to come up with other ways to make it much more convincing. 3. He arranges his examples through chronological order and through out a whole direction where the reader wont fall off a cliff. 4. It helps the readers see how people treat the ones that are disabled and has requirements as well as showing how people react to the ones that are much more severely disabled. Vocabulary projects 1. Quadriplegia – Paralysis of all four limbs; tetraplegia. 2. Reprimand – A rebuke, esp. n official one. 3. Purser – An officer on a ship who keeps the accounts, esp. the head steward on a passenger vessel. 4. Condescending – Acting in a way that betrays a feeling of patronizing superiority. 5. Patronizing – Treat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority. 6. Chardonnay – A var iety of white wine grape used for making champagne and other wines. 7. Trumps – any  playing  card  of  a  suit  that  for  the  time  outranks  the  other  suits,  such  a  card  being  able  to take  any  card  of  another  suit.Journal entry – It is reasonable to provide someone with a disability with special privileges since their life long goals are limited. Although it is understandable to see why they are provided with these privileges, it is only required for them to use it well and not act condescending where they take too much of an advantage of the privileges they are provided with. The same aspect applies to Birnbaum as to just keep his advantage level to a minimum and not to rise it to a great extent like he described in his essay. At that point, normal people wouldn’t required the need to act patronizing.

English Vocabe Essay

Their meanings and correct usage in sentence Abolish verb abolish something to officially end a law, a system or an institution This tax should be abolished. 1 sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way an abrupt change/halt/departure The accident brought his career to an abrupt end. 2 speaking or acting in a way that seems unfriendly and rude; not taking time to say more than is necessary abrupt manner She was very abrupt with me in our meeting. The interview ended abruptly. Absolute adjective 1 total and complete a class for absolute beginners absolute confidence/trust/silence/truth ‘You’re wrong,’ she said with absolute certainty. Around them the darkness was absolute, the silence oppressive. 2 [only before noun] used, especially in spoken English, to give emphasis to what you are saying There’s absolute rubbish on television tonight. He must earn an absolute fortune. 110 MB is the absolute minimum you need to run the program. What an absolute idiot I’ve been ! 3 definite and without any doubt or confusion There was no absolute proof. He taught us that the laws of physics were absolute. The divorce became absolute last week. 4 not limited or restricted absolute power/authority an absolute ruler/monarchy (= one with no limit to their power) 5 existing or measured independently and not in relation to something else Although prices are falling in absolute terms, energy is still expensive. Beauty cannot be measured by any absolute standard. It was absolutely pouring with rain. 2 absolutely no†¦, absolutely nothing used to emphasize something negative She did absolutely no work. There’s absolutely nothing more the doctors can do. 3 used with adjectives or verbs that express strong feelings or extreme qualities to mean ‘extremely’ I was absolutely furious with him. She absolutely adores you. He’s an absolutely brilliant cook. 4 used to emphasize that you agree with somebody, or to give somebody permission to do something‘ They could have told us, couldn’t they? ’ ‘ Absolutely! ’‘Can we leave a little early? ’ ‘Absolutely! 5 absolutely not used to emphasize that you strongly disagree with somebody, or to refuse permission ‘Was it any good? ’ ‘No, absolutely not. ’ Absolution NOUN (especially in the Christian Church) a formal statement that a person is forgiven for what he or she has done wrong Absolutism noun 1 a political system in which a ruler or government has total power at all times 2 belief in a political, religious or moral principle which is thought to be true in all circumstances Abstain verb 1 abstain (from something) to choose not to use a vote, either in favour of or against something Ten people voted in favour, five against and two abstained. abstain (from something) to decide not to do or have something, especially something you like or enjoy, because it is bad for your health or considered morally wrong to abstain from alcohol/sex/drugs 3 abstain (from something) (Indian English ) to stay away from something. What she did was an abuse of her position as manager. 2 unfair, cruel or violent treatment of somebody child abuse sexual abuse reported abuses by the secret police She suffered years of physical abuse. 3 [uncountable] rude and offensive remarks, usually made when somebody is very angry Synonym SYNONYM: insults to scream/hurl/shout abuse a stream/torrent of abuse The man burst into a torrent of foul-mouthed racist abuse. Acquaint verb acquaint somebody/yourself with something (formal) to make somebody/yourself familiar with or aware of something Please acquaint me with the facts of the case. You will first need to acquaint yourself with the filing system. Acquiesce verb acquiesce (in/to something) (formal) to accept something without arguing, even if you do not really agree with it Senior government figures must have acquiesced in the cover-up. She explained her plan and reluctantly he acquiesced. Acquiescence noun the fact of being willing to do what somebody wants and to accept their opinions, even if you are not sure that they are right There was general acquiescence in the UN sanctions. Acquire verb 1 acquire omething to gain something by your own efforts, ability or behaviour She has acquired a good knowledge of English. How long will it take to acquire the necessary skills? He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty. I have recently acquired a taste for olives. 2 acquire something to obtain something by buying or being given it The company has just acquired new premises. How did the gallery come to acquire so many Picassos? I’ve suddenly acquired a stepbrother. IDIOM: an acquired taste a thing that you do not like much at first but gradually learn to like Abstract art is an acquired taste. Acquisition noun 1 [uncountable] the act of getting something, especially knowledge, a skill, etc theories of child language acquisition 2 [countable] something that somebody buys to add to what they already own, usually something valuable His latest acquisition is a racehorse. The money will be spent on acquisitions for the university library. 3 [countable, uncountable] (business) a company, piece of land, etc. bought by somebody, especially another company; the act of buying it They have made acquisitions in several EU countries. he acquisition of shares by employees. The group has announced its first overseas acquisition: a successful software company. Acquit VERB 1 acquit somebody (of something) to decide and state officially in court that somebody is not guilty of a crime The jury acquitted him of murder. Both defendants were acquitted. She was acquitted on all charges. He was acquitted on the grounds of insufficient evidence. Opposite:convict 2 acquit yourself well, badly, etc. to perform or behave well, badly, etc He acquitted himself brilliantly in the exams. Adapt verb 1 to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation nonym SYNONYM: modify, adapt something These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. adapt something for something Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 2 to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situation m SYNONYM: adjust It’s amazing how soon you adapt. The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive. adapt to something We have had to adapt quickly to the new system. A large organization can be slow to adapt to change. adapt yourself to something It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. 3 adapt something (for something) (from something) to change a book or play so that it can be made into a play, film/movie, television programme, etc Three of her novels have been adapted for television. Adequate adjective enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need an adequate supply of hot water The room was small but adequate. There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students. He didn’t give an adequate answer to the question. adequate for something The space available is not adequate for our needs. adequate to do something training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry OPPOSITE: inadequate adequacy noun [uncountable]The adequacy of the security arrangements has been questioned. OPPOSITE: inadequacy adequately adverb Are you adequately insured? Clean the surface first, or the paint will not adhere. There was oil adhering to the bird’s feathers. Praisal Verb Use: adhere to something to behave according to a particular law, rule, set of instructions, etc; to follow a particular set of beliefs or a fixed way of doing something For ten months he adhered to a strict no-fat low-salt diet. She adheres to teaching methods she learned over 30 years ago. Staff should adhere strictly to the safety guidelines. The diet will work if it is adhered to. Adolescence noun the time in a person’s life when he or she develops from a child into an adult SYNONYM: puberty Adolescence brings about major changes in a young person’s body. Adolescent noun a young person who is developing from a child into an adult adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 Adopt verb CHILD 1 to take somebody else’s child into your family and become its legal parent(s) a campaign to encourage childless couples to adopt adopt somebody to adopt a child She was forced to have her baby adopted. ethod 2 adopt something to start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towards somebody/something All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem. suggestion 3 adopt something to formally accept a suggestion or policy by voting to adopt a resolution The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. new name/country 4 adopt something to choose a new name, a country, a custom, etc. and begin to use it as your own to adopt a name/title/language Early Christians in Europe adopted many of the practices of the older, pagan religions. ay of behaving 5 adopt something (formal) to use a particular manner, way of speaking, expression, etc He adopted an air of indifference. candidate 6 adopt somebody (as something) (British English, politics) to choose somebody as a candidate in an election or as a representative She was adopted as parliamentary candidate for Wood Green. Adore verb (not used in the progressive tenses) 1 adore somebody to love somebody very much It’s obvious that she adores him. 2 (informal) to like something very much adore something I simply adore his music! Don’t you just adore that dress! adore doing something She adores working with children. Adorn VERB to make something/somebody look more attractive by decorating it or them with something adorn something/somebody Gold rings adorned his fingers. Graffiti adorned the walls. adorn something/somebody/yourself with something The walls were adorned with paintings. The children adorned themselves with flowers. adornment . noun A plain necklace was her only adornment. Advocate (v) VERB to support something publicly advocate something The group does not advocate the use of violence. dvocate (somebody) doing something Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. advocate that†¦ The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors. The report advocated that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors. Aesthete (Esthete) NOUN a person who has a love and understanding of art and beautiful things Aesthetic (Esthetic) concerned with beauty and art and the understanding of beautiful things an aesthetic appreciation of the landscape The benefits of conservation are both financial and aesthetic. made in an artistic way and beautiful to look at Their furniture was more aesthetic than functional. aesthetically (North American English also es-):adverb aesthetically pleasing colour combinations.

Analysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Analysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia Free Online Research Papers In 1995, Pierre Omidyar was experimenting with how equal access to information and opportunities affects the efficiency of marketplaces. After spending Labor Day weekend writing the code for an online auction site, he tested his idea by posting a listing for a broken laser pointer which to his astonishment sold for $14.83. Omidyar contacted the winning bidder to ensure he realized the item was broken. The buyer answered, â€Å"I’m a collector of broken laser pointers.† At that moment, Omidyar knew he was on to something very big and eBay was born. From day one, Omidyar built eBay around what remain the company’s core values; a belief that: People are basically good Everyone has something to contribute An open environment brings out the best in people In June, 1996, eBay hired its first employee after revenues topped $10,000 for the month. Jeff Skoll was soon hired as the first president of the company and Pierre Omidyar quit his day job to work on eBay full time. That same year, eBay launched the feedback forum. In 1997, registered eBay users topped 341,000 and they are hosting more than 200,000 individual auctions per month, compared with 250,000 auctions in all of 1996. In 1998, Meg Whitman joined the company as President and CEO and eBay went public in September. Gross profits exploded from $95 million in 1997 to $740 million. eBay expanded internationally in 1999, with sites in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia. The â€Å"Buy it Now† option was introduced to meet the demand for fixed price trading. Between 2000 and 2007, eBay continued its international expansion with marketplaces in Austria, Canada, France and Taiwan, as well as Ireland, Italy Korea, New Zealand, Singapore and Switzerland, among others. In 2003, eBay introduced PayPal Buyer Protection services for eBay transactions. By the end of 2007, revenues have topped $52.5 billion, registered eBay users have exceeded 222 million and the number of employees has reached 13,200. The success of eBay underscores the truth of the corporate values outlined earlier, which are at the heart of eBay’s continuing success. In spite of eBay’s success in international markets, the question remains of why eBay can’t get a strong foothold in the Asian market, primarily China and Japan. S.W.O.T. Analysis The following analysis was derived from the case outlined in the text as well as internet research performed in order to analyze eBay and their strategy to be the dominant player in the Asian online auction market. Although eBay has several important strengths and weaknesses, our team chose to identify those we felt were most crucial. Those weaknesses are listed in order of importance. Strengths eBay currently enjoys a large global presence and various globally recognized brands. They have access to an extremely large amount of capital. The parent company has ensured a strong foundation of survivability and diversification by acquiring numerous highly successful companies ( PayPal, Skype, Shopping.com) Currently, eBay possesses the largest market share in online auctions. Weaknesses eBay maintains centralized management home based in the United States through which all decision making goes. Their website’s layout, design and development are weak. They lack an online payment system like PayPal in the Asian market. eBay’s previous strategy of acquiring other e-commerce sites through complete buyout appears too aggressive to the Asian market. eBay has a history of poor customer support. Opportunities People have access to the internet at any time and any place. There is currently endless potential for growth of e-commerce in the Asian market eBay has a feedback forum that other sites do not have. Through the implementation of a global PayPal platform, eBay can allow and provide a means for currency exchange between markets. Currently there is a low percentage of the large Asian market which is online. Threats There are very few barriers to entering the online market Competition in the Asian market is â€Å"homegrown† so they understand the culture and business practices. There are other successful retail websites such as Wal-Mart and Amazon which are already well established which eBay must compete with. Yahoo, eBay’s largest competitor, is currently very successful in the Asian market and they are affiliated with the largest Asian competitor. eBay does not allow direct communication between buyer and seller as do other sites. Alternatives Alternative 1 – Research project, website improvement, and advertisement The Simple Plan With this plan EBay could improve some of the small things to their company. A research project of how eBay could get a foothold in the Asian market could give them valuable information. Some improvements to their website to suit the Asian market could make it more accessible and easier to navigate. Lastly, simple advertisement of the new and improved website through several medias, including magazines, newspapers, and TV commercials, could help narrow the gap between their Asian competitors. Alternative 2 Research project, website improvement, advertisement, and hire a competitor’s executive The Better Plan The inability to expand into the Asian market has put eBay on the outside looking in. If eBay could hire an executive from a competitor in the Asian market, it could give them the edge they need for a complete breakthrough. This executive could show eBay how to gain the advantage they need to penetrate the Asian market. Another benefit of this option would be the â€Å"Piped Piper Effect† which is when one employee leaves, and other employees follow. This is due to social capital which is the relationship between coworkers both in and out of their work environments. Alternative 3 – Start from scratch The Complete Plan Both previous plans would give eBay a chance to expand into the Asian market, but without the complete plan, the future could be short. eBay’s several attempts at acquiring already in place e-businesses have failed. One factor for failure has been that eBay tried to expand into Asia without physically being there. Analysts also believe that eBay’s aggressive method of acquiring other online businesses as being defensive. Implementing the complete plan would be to decentralize and create a headquarters physically in the Asian market. With this plan there are several benefits that could help eBay be more successful. Developing a headquarters in Asia would create job opportunities. A local headquarters could also improve customer service which in turn creates customer loyalty. Conclusions and Recommendations In conclusion, all the alternatives presented will have an impact on eBay’s future. The Simple Plan requires the least amount of change and resources. This alternative will have a small impact on eBay’s bigger picture of gaining a larger share of the Asian market. The Better Plan will help increase eBay’s share in the Asian market, but does not meet the ultimate goal. The Complete Plan meets the goal of a larger expansion into the Asian market. The Complete Plan provides the largest opportunity for eBay to break into the Asian market. The Complete Plan provides for a brand new headquarters located in Asia to gain a better understanding of the local customs and the target market. This plan also provides for an insider look at the success of competitor’s in eBay’s desired market. This new perspective will help eBay to realize its goal. Once the new headquarters for the Asian branch of eBay becomes established, advertising, research and web design will complete the changes needed to succeed. This complex plan should be executed in stages in order to be implemented correctly. First, eBay should start from scratch. By building a local headquarters in Asia, eBay will gain a physical presence in the Asian market. This will also help eBay gain respect in the Asian market. Second, eBay should aggressively recruit experienced personnel to handle the operations in the Asian headquarters. By hiring locals to run the headquarters and decentralizing, eBay will have the knowledge needed to connect with the local market. Ideally, a recruit from eBay’s competitors would have a greater knowledge of the market in Asia and therefore give eBay a greater advantage. Lastly, eBay should implement the advertising, research project, and website improvements discussed in the Simple Plan. The information gained from the research project will help the local executives at the Asian headquarters compete against already established firms. The improvements to the website will allow for a platform that is suitable to the Asian market. An example of this would be to al low the open forum eBay already has established to facilitate communications between the buyer and seller, like the competition has found successful. Advertising of these new features will entice auction seekers to visit eBay’s new Asian website. This case analysis has discussed eBay’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats to the company. The Complete Plan has been chosen as the best alternative for eBay’s successful expansion into the Asian market. 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Omaha Beach essays

Omaha Beach essays The Allied army had many flaws in its planning and execution in the storming of OMAHA beach on June 6, 1944. OMAHA beach, where, for several hours, the situation appeared to hover on the brink of disaster.(Belchem 90) There was discrepancies with selecting OMAHA beach in reference to its terrain. The air troops who paratrooped from the sky just hours before the first infantry troops arrived on the beach. Unexpected problems with the infantry arouse and were handled erroneously. Finally, there were problems with the Allied tanks and artillery that took part in the invasion. The decision to storm at OMAHA beach was poor. The western third of the beach was backed by a ten foot high seawall, and the whole beach was overlooked by cliffs one hundred feet high(MacDonald 1) The Germans could place themselves in a perfect firing position to wipe out the Allied soldiers. Adding to the dilemma the soldiers franticly tried to hide behind anything they could to avoid the heavy German fire. The German weapons were fixed to cover the entire beach with fire as well as the plunging fire from the cliffs. OMAHA beach was a killing zone.(MacDonald 1) A major problem arose with the mis-drop of the airborne divisions that morning. For over three days, NE-NNE winds gusted from twenty-five to forty miles per hour.(Belfield 91) This caused a major problem for the airborne troops to specifically hit the target which they were assigned to hit. The pathfinders, which were a division of the 101st airborne, generally landed over a mile off target.(Patrick 47) This led to a major disturbance in the timing of the invasion. The timing was a very important part to a mission such as OMAHA beach. The mis-drop of the airborne divisions took only minutes away but impacted th ...

Advance marketing strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advance marketing strategy - Case Study Example e factors that necessitated the requirement of a CEO was who will be able to maneuver these challenges and meet the company goals and expectations (Stern, Neil & Willard, 2008). They were the resultant effect of not meeting the company’s goals due to the high low pricing strategy. This is a case whereby the retailer has to do with frequent sales so that customers enjoy huge discounts on their purchases at the expense of the company maximizing on its high prices. Declining market share is a clear indication of the weakening value of the country’s currency. Closure of stores translates to loss of jobs and a clear indication of the likelihood of losing on the company’s revenue. To solve this situation there had to be major key actors in restoring confidence not just to the customers but to the shareholders as well. Johnson is one of the major key players in this strategy. He was the CEO of the company at a time when the company was expecting to make the major transition from the high low pricing strategy to the fair price strategy (Dongwon, 2009). He was the vice president at Target in the 1990s during which he saw to it that the mass merchandiser was transformed into a hot retail brand selling stylish and affordable brands. It was at this time that he also negotiated a contract with Micheal Graves who was a designer. This was to be the first of the company’s high end sales that helped to market the company as a high end store. It was intended to give the company a competitive edge over other competitors. With a shift from high low pricing strategy to a fair and square pricing strategy the company would make sales throughout the year. Shopping experience would not be seen as a seasonal affair but as an experience that a customer would choose to have at their own disposal and with their own terms. Another key player was William Ackman who was a major shareholder of the company of approximately 18%.he was very instrumental in advocating for Johnson to take up

Introduction to Child Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Introduction to Child Development - Essay Example This case study will focus on analysing the growth in different areas as exhibited by the child, and relating to the existing theory on child development (Beaver 2001, p.54). One of the aspects that make it evident that Child A has registered positive growth in both personal and social development is her development of self-control (Broadhead 2010, p. 56). From the observations, it emerges that child A has a level of self-control because she is able to express her feelings, opinions, and needs even when situations prove difficult while avoiding causing any harm to others (Brooks-Gunn, Fuligni, & Berlin 2003, p. 34). For example, on day one of the observation, child A was able to express her concerns because child B had taken her kitty (Bukatko & Daehler 2012, p. 123). Instead of grabbing it from child B, she opted to see the help from an adult so that she could get her kitty back (‘Child development’ 2007, p.23). However, despite the positive process exhibited by the child A in gaining self-control, there is evidence that she still needs to develop in other areas concerning self-control (Hoff & Shatz 2009, p. 88). For example, she needs to become more self-aware of her emotions and be able to control them effectively (Hyson 2003, p. 65). Instances when she demonstrates a need for further growth in this sector are several as indicated in the observations (Davies 2010, p. 54). A clear illustration is the fact that she was reluctant to eat after her teacher denied her the permission of having me seat close to her table (Mary & Armstrong 2003, p. 165). This shows that she is unable to handle disappointments effectively. However, her use of play materials purposely also exhibits a measure of self-control (Guhn & Goelman 2011, p. 195). In addition, on the fifth day of observation, the child exhibited self-control after intervention when she was arguing with child X. She was able to accept the proposition of sharing the doll with child X. This indicated that

ELD Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ELD Project - Assignment Example Creating the work breakdown structure (WBS) is necessary not only in project planning but also when managing the project costs and scheduling (Schwalbe 198). Basically, the main purpose of WBS is to enable the project manager to group the work deliverables as identified in the project scope. In relation to the ELD project, the following is the work breakdown structure: Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) is basically a type of network-based scheduling technique whereby each task is being represented by either nodes or boxes; and that each of the identified tasks is being linked by the precedence relationship (Bullen, LeFave and Selig 317). Doing so enables the project manager to effectively present the sequence in each task that needs to be performed. Applicable to the ELD project, the following is the PDM: When it comes to pre-determining the required time to complete the ELD project, the process of conducting the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) analysis is necessary because it adopts the use of a three-point estimates. Other than trying to depict the presence of interrelated tasks, the PERT diagram can also be used when tracking the pre-identified tasks (DuBrin 203). Gannt charts are useful when it comes to the tracking the schedule or progress of the actual project (Gido and Clements 121). Based on the PERT diagram presented on page 5, the following is the schedule of the ELD project: The estimate activity resource was purposely conducted to determine the rough estimate of available resources and time required to complete certain tasks within the project schedule (Heldman and Mangano 88). Basically, this section aims to determine both human and non-human resources and quantities needed when scheduling the required work activities. As such, the following is the estimate activity resources of the ELD project: Cost management requires the process of controlling the project costs through budgeting. As such, it is

Target Population Essay Example for Free

Target Population Essay My Target population will vary from area to area, different people live in different areas. Some areas people of higher status and class will want high quality goods. Other areas rent could be lower so this could effect my choice of location as well. Also the time of year could effect my target population, during the summer there would be more tourists than locals, and not many people like to go out to dine during the winter. The style of the restaurant will affect the target population, how I decorate the restaurant, the choice of colours and sorts of music as well. The choice of advertising will attract different sorts of target population, if I advertised in a higher class magazine or paper, I would get customers with a higher status. If I advertised in a teen magazine I would expect teenagers to come to my restaurant. Advertising on the city radio could attract local business men or commuters to the restaurant. Also allowing people to make party bookings or reservations will help attract a wealthier target market, if they want to book the whole restaurant. To attract a good target population I may decide to set lowest possible prices for my first menu, this will capture customers. Then I could raises prices and add new meals to a next menu. To really find my target population I have decided to draw up a questionaire and ask a few members of the public to fill it out to find out what they are interested in. The Business And The Product I have chosen to start a chinese themed restaurant and I will be selling both vegatarian dishes and meat dishes. I have considered starting the business near central London, therefore aiming mostly for tourists as customers. The rent in the area is quite high so I have decided to hire just enough staff to cover floors. Staff will be trained internally by a manager, this will set high standards and will save money, also staff will learn skills they need not irrelavant skills. I will have to ask a friend to design a high class menu, asking a friend to design the menu will save some money. I will decorate the restaurant depending on my questionaire results, but if I was aiming for a higher class and tourists I would use simple decoratives, at the same time different and unique. Pricing will differ from meal to meal, and also on demand and ingredients used. Location To find a suitable place to locate my restaurant I will need to look around certain areas for cheap affordable places. The place will need to be easy to find and have easy access. I may need to look for areas new famous landmarks or sites, to attract tourists. Also location will effect availability of labour and how much salary will be. If located in a wealthy area salary will be higher. Promotion Advertising Well, I have decided to advertise in a local specialist magazine, and local paper. I chose these because they will allow me to include some information about the restaurant where as, if I was to advertise on radio not many words can be fitted in and it isnt visual. I need visual advertising so I could include a Map so customers can cut ths out and keep it so they know where to locate my restaurant. If I have the money I considered renting a billboard or producing posters to put up in the local area. This will attract a larger audience if placed by busy roads or streets and I could also include a map, but they can not cut it out and refer to it. Sales Promotion I could have special lunch offers, or issue vouchers for the next time a customer visits they could get money off. I could also offer free dishes to promote new additions to the menu. This sort of promotion could make customers want to come back since they know they are getting money off, or they might come back to try out new additions to the menu. Also this helps promote new additions to the menu so customers may want to order them next time. Direct Marketing I am also going to post menus of the restaurant to local residences alerting them a restaurant is near by. This will include a map, a telephone number incase people might consider ordering a takeaway. This sort of marketing is quite effective and could draw alot of customers to my restaurant. Public Relations I could invite people from local papers and local magazines to taste my meals, asking them to write a review about the restaurant. If the public was to read about the reviews and the reviews are good people might come just to see if the crittics are right. This is quite effective but can also have disadvantages, if the food is not too good crittics will write bad things about the restaurant.

The Perspective of Plato and Aristotle on the Value of Art Essays

The Perspective of Plato and Aristotle on the Value of Art    As literary critics, Plato and Aristotle disagree profoundly about the value of art in human society. Plato attempts to strip artists of the power and prominence they enjoy in his society, while Aristotle tries to develop a method of inquiry to determine the merits of an individual work of art. It is interesting to note that these two disparate notions of art are based upon the same fundamental assumption: that art is a form of mimesis, imitation. Both philosophers are concerned with the artist's ability to have significant impact on others. It is the imitative function of art which promotes disdain in Plato and curiosity in Aristotle. Examining the reality that art professes to imitate, the process of imitation, and the inherent strengths and weaknesses of imitation as a form of artistic expression may lead to understanding how these conflicting views of art could develop from a seemingly similar premise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both philosophers hold radically different notions of reality. The assumptions each man makes about truth, knowledge, and goodness directly affect their specific ideas about art. For Plato, art imitates a world that is already far removed from authentic reality, Truth. Truth exists only in intellectual abstraction, that is, paradoxically, more real than concrete objects. The universal essence, the Idea, the Form of a thing, is more real and thus more important than its physical substance. The physical world, the world of appearances experienced through the senses, does not harbor reality. This tangible world is an imperfect reflection of the universal world of Forms. Human observations based on these reflections are, therefore, highly suspect. At b... ... the definition derived by each philosopher is profoundly different. In order to construct a coherent, wide-ranging philosophy, art and its impact on society must be reckoned with, whether as an imitation of a system far removed or a system in our midst. The process of imitation is used in both cases to promote the particular version of reality espoused by each man. While such a study is beneficial in tracing the philosophical conflict regarding the usage and importance of imitation in art, what is most apparent, perhaps, is the discovery that language itself is an imperfect imitation of meaning, capable of fostering such conflicts. Works Cited: Aristotle. "Poetics" The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. Plato. "Republic, Book X" The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

Federalists vs Democrat Republicans

10/13/11 Federalists Vs. Democratic-Republicans Hearing about political parties, Washington was not too keen on the idea. Conversely, he was part of the uprising of the first two political parties. Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, previously named anti-federalists, were the two different political organizations. The first two parties to evolve were very different regarding beliefs of the common people, views of the government, their stances on the foreign policy, and ways to manage finances. Alexander Hamilton, a political mastermind, was the first leader of the Federalists.Like him self, the Federalist followers were wealthy land owning men who were powerful and held high jobs within the cities. They believed that industries of mercantilism and business were going to be significant contributors to the success of America’s future. Therefor Federalism was very popular in New England and the North part of the United States because of the popularity of â€Å"big businessà ¢â‚¬  in those areas. In fear of getting in the middle of a war with another country they did not want any ties with any other countries, but to trade with them. Hamilton and his followers also believed in a very strong central government.They wanted a secure executive branch and trusted it as the key for a strong nation. However, they followed the Constitution, but if they found the need to change anything, and it was necessary and proper and would benefit the nation, they were ok to make the change. The federalists were very strong supporters of the British. Hamilton felt that they should not get involved with the war between France and Great Britain, this however angered the French because without them, they believed, America would have lost the Revolutionary war. Thomas Jefferson led the Democratic-Republicans.This party’s followers were considerably less wealthy than the Federalists. Supporters came from the south and west where there were more of the farmers, small bus iness owners, and employees of the new nation. The beliefs of these people were very contrary to those of the Federalists. They followed the constitution very strictly and anything that was opposing the constitution the Central Government had no place on handling the issues. They felt that there should not be too much power placed on the federal government and that the legislature should hold more of the power.Their beliefs were that a strong Central Government would diminish the rights of the states and the people. This party saw the future of America flourishing under agriculture. They did not want the national bank as the Federalists did because it was not originally written in the Constitution. Also in contrast to the Federalists, the Democratic-Republicans did not like the British and wanted nothing to do with them. Between the two parties, consolidating the differences down to major dissimilarities, the Federalist Party is one I side with for some distinct reasons. A loose int erpretation of the Constitution is a major upside in my opinion.If America were to make no changes to the constitution we would be fixed in a system of roundabouts. The same problems would keep arising and there would be no way to change them while under strict interpretations. The last difference is the strong central government with a secure executive branch. The distinction of powers in the government insures separation of the powers and does not give positions concurring powers and rights. Although the representation of the lower totem-pole citizens is marginal, they can make changes based on the representation of the people because of the equalized powers of the government.

Binomial Distributions in Public Health

According to Gerstman (2007), a binomial event is that which has only two outcomes, and therefore if the probability for one of the outcomes is known, then the probability that the other outcome will occur is simply the difference of the known probability from 1. Treating repeated trials as independent events, the compilation of results of a binomial experiment altering the number of desired successes while keeping the number of trials fixed forms a binomial distribution.The binomial probability distribution thus gives an idea of how likely it is that successive successes can occur over a given number of trials. For say a simple experiment of throwing a fair coin 4 times, the probability of getting a heads in any toss is 0. 5. Thus, the probability of getting no heads at all in the four tosses is 0. 5^4 while the probability of getting exactly 1 heads is 0. 5^2, and the probability of getting 2 heads is 0.5 and then the probability of getting more than 2 heads decreases in the same m anner that the probabilities increased in the progression described. If the probabilities are altered in such a way that success is much more likely in a single event than failure, then given five trials it would be expected that having successive successes would be more probable than successive failures. The binomial distribution also allows probabilities for multiple events to simply be added in order to give an idea of the total probability for that event.For example when determining what the probability of getting at most 2 heads in four tosses of a coin, the probabilities of getting exactly 0 heads, 1 heads, and 2 heads can simply be added to give the correct probability for getting no more than 2 heads. Give this nature of the binomial probability distribution, its applications to public health becomes apparent. Villeneuve (2002) states that the binomial distribution can be used â€Å"to describe the number of times an event [such as a disease] will occur in a group of [peopl e]† if the probability concerning the occurrence of that event is known.For example, if the probability of getting infected by rabies if you were bitten by a particular animal is known, then given a certain number of people who were all bitten by that particular animal in an area it would be possible to reasonably determine how many of those people are likely to be inflicted with rabies. Public health practitioners need to be well briefed with what binomial probabilities and distributions are so that they will be able to make sound decisions based on data that they have on hand.Oftentimes, public health practitioners that have responsibilities at the macro-level are placed with decisions involving prioritization wherein the one responsible needs to make a decision that would concern the division of a limited amount of resources. With information that can be modeled using a binomial distribution, the public health practitioner would be able to have a more reliable idea on how t o allocate such resources.Going back to the example of rabies, if several outbreaks occurred at the same time in different areas with a different animal causing each outbreak, then based on the probability of getting rabies from each particular animal and the number of patients bitten in each area, a public health practitioner can use binomial distributions as a good basis for allocating a limited number of personnel, equipment, and medicine for each of the areas. Many diseases such as cancer or AIDS can be described as a binomial experiment. That is, one either has cancer or does not and one either has AIDS or does not.In such cases, knowledge of the binomial distribution can be very useful to public health officers in enabling them to predict the likelihoods associated with the condition occurring on a certain population. References Gerstman, B. (2007). Basic Biostatistics: Statistics for Public Health Practice. Jones & Bartlett Villeneuve, P. (2002). â€Å"Binomial Distribution. † Encyclopedia of Public Health. Ed. Lester Breslow. Gale Cengage. Retrieved December 26, 2008 from eNotes. com: http://www. enotes. com/public-health-encyclopedia/binomial-distribution

Communication Skills Essay

Communication Skills Essay Communication Skills Essay Analyze Communication John Spear BUS 600: Management Communication with Technology Tools Dr. Erick Aguilar December 02, 2014 Analyze Communication Communication skills is the transmitting, receiving, and processing of information. The better the communication skill the more likely the message will be interpreted better. To analyze my current communication skills I took the Queendom Communication skill test and scored 62%. My results indicate that I am fairly adept at interpreting other people’s words and actions and seeing things from their perspective - although the rare misunderstanding may occur. Overall however, I seem to realize that empathy is an essential part of good interpersonal skills and therefore, will do my best to place myself in other people’s shoes in order to better understand them. For the most part, I can sense what others are thinking and will likely adjust my behavior accordingly if a person I am conversing with seems confused or perhaps uncomfortable. There may be the occasional time when I pay more attention to the message I am sending rather than how it’s received. With some time an d experience, you’ll likely be able to improve your insight even more.(Queendom) The quiz will give me great insight on how to improve my communication skills. The quiz indicated that my weakest area was my assertiveness. The way to improve this would be to have more self confidence in the message or information I am delivering. The part of the quiz I scored the highest in was insightfulness. This part shows that I am self confident when communicating my opinion about information or a situation. Communication gaps often happen when the message that is being delivered is not being received and understood by the receiver. One of the communication gaps I often experience come from a person not being able to see a situation as I see it. Personal differences can cause a breakdown in communication amongst people. In my personal job experiences, I have seen communication gaps because of the diversity of the workplace including ethnicity, gender, age, etc. Because I realize the communication gap I’m experiencing, I find myself often trying to listen more attentively before responding in conversations so that I am able to make sure I have a good understanding. I’ve noticed that this opens my mind to new ideas, opinions and insights of others, therefore bridging the gap in my communication skills and interpersonal relationships. I believe that I would benefit greatly from additional training in communicating empathy and sensitivity as well as working on my non-verbal communication. In my current position as an accounts receivable representative, I often have to express understanding to our

Array as a Function Return Type and Method Parameter

Array as a Function Return Type and Method Parameter Arrays in Delphi allow us to refer to a series of variables by the same name and to use a number (an index) to tell them apart. Heres an example integer array that can hold up to 7 (integer) values. Note: this is a fixed-size static Delphi array declaration. Arrays as Function Return Types In Delphi, functions are routines that return a value. When you want a function to return an array type variable, you might be tempted to use the next declaration: When you try to compile this code, youll get the next compile-time error: [Pascal Error] E2029 Identifier expected but ARRAY found. Obviously, when you declare functions that will return array value, you cannot include index type specifiers return declaration. In order to allow a function to return an array value, you first need to create a custom array type, then use it as a return function type: Arrays as Method/Routine Properties Similar to using arrays as function return types, when you declare routines that take array parameters, you cannot include index type specifiers in the parameter declarations.

The Common App - New Questions for 2013

The Common App - New Questions for 2013 The Common Application keeps a-changing! This admissions season we have both a new word limit (650, increased from 500) and new question choices. Here are the questions you will be asked to choose from if you are applying to college this fall: Some students have a background or a story that is so central to their identity that they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn? Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you? Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community or family. As pointed out by the Huffington Post, these questions are designed for you to demonstrate what you would contribute to your college class. What is special about you? What character do you possess? What are your values? What’s important to you? Do these questions seem daunting? Said one of my clients, â€Å"These questions all seem so theoretical!† He did not know where to start. Allow me to make a suggestion: Consider that these questions are only theoretical if you don’t know what you want to say in your essay. Once you choose a topic, I’m willing to bet you can find a way to talk about it in response to one of the five Common App questions. There’s a trick for interview preparation where you write a list of things you want to talk about, and then use whatever questions the interviewer asks to say what you wanted to say. It’s an art to succeed in this method, as you do need to answer the question (you can’t answer a different one). Let’s look at an example as it applies to the Common App. Let’s say you want to talk about your love of music and what it’s like to perform. You could answer any one of the Common App essay questions and say what you want to say. Perhaps your musical abilities are central to who you are (#1). Perhaps you played a wrong note in a concert, or struggled in some other way as you learned (#2). Maybe your parents or teacher wanted one thing for you, and you wanted another (#3). Is the stage a place where you feel completely at peace? If so, maybe question #4 is for you. And certainly if music is important enough to you for an essay, you might have some accomplishment there that marked a transition to adulthood (#5). As you consider how your topic might apply to each question, you might learn something about yourself you didn’t know before! â€Å"OK,† you might be saying, â€Å"Now the questions seem less theoretical, but I’m still daunted: If I could write a great answer to every one of the questions, how do I possibly choose which one to answer?† I would suggest outlining a response to as many of the questions as you think you might want to answer; then evaluate which question allows you to express yourself most fully. In which answer do the most aspects of yourself get revealed? And, perhaps most important, which answer is most interesting to read? Important: The most interesting answer will not necessarily be the easiest to write. It might be less straightforward and take more thought and creativity- which is exactly what admissions committees are looking for! What if I don’t have a topic in mind? If you don’t have a topic you know you want to write about, try going through the questions one by one and having a conversation with someone (most likely someone other than your parents) about how you might answer each question. Brainstorm ideas and see what arises. Give it some time. Sleep on it. Have conversations with more than one person. You might discover a topic you didn’t know could become an essay! And of course, if you’re still stuck, it might be time to work with a professional essay coach. The Essay Expert would be happy to help!

American History 1584-1783 #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American History 1584-1783 #3 - Essay Example They shared their goods like clothes, food and other equipments with them. The natives, in return showered them with expensive gifts like gold etc. Later the Spanish, in their quest for wealth and precious metals like gold and silver, tried to isolate the Native Americans from the other European invaders’ influence. In the early 17th century (1607) the British came to North America to have a strong foothold in the region. Jamestown in Virginia became the first place for British settlement followed by colonies in Massachusetts and eastern seaboard in the later part of the century. The initial friendly relationship with the native Indians turned hostile when the settlers started exploiting natives with respect to labor and sea faring activities. Diseases like tuberculosis, diphtheria were brought by the settlers who passed them on to the natives. The natives then refused to work for them. The settlers then brought Africans to work as bonded labors in the plantations and elsewhere, whom, they were freed after several years. Turn of the century saw the raced based slavery becoming a full fledged tradition with Africans and non whites becoming slaves for life. Control over the blacks became the main concern of the white because of the rebellion from the natives. The British Crown delegated the power to the companies who administered in their behalf with rules and regulations. The natives, on the other hand, did not believe in subjugation and rebelled against any revenue imposed by the settlers. French came to America in search of trading avenues and in 1599 the first serious fur trading was established as Tadaussac that grew into the city of Quebec. They had no desire for colonization. They did their trading with the Native Americans as equal. Though French claimed large area in Canada and north America by coming first to Quebec and later expanding from Louisiana in the south to great lakes in the North which included Montreal, Detroit, New Orleans and